| publications-4321 |
article |
2005 |
Byer, David and Carlson, Kenneth |
Expanded summary: Real-time detection of intentional chemical contamination in the distribution system |
Journal American Water Works Association |
10.1002/j.1551-8833.2005.tb10938.x |
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This four-page summary provides a general overview of the complete text of this article, which is available online in e-JOURNAL AWWA at www.awwa.org/communications/journal/2005/july. |
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| publications-4322 |
article |
2005 |
Bougadis, John and Bougadis, John and Adamowski, Kaz and Adamowski, Kaz and Diduch, Roman and Diduch, Roman |
Short-term municipal water demand forecasting |
Hydrological Processes |
10.1002/hyp.5763 |
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Water demand forecasts are needed for the design, operation and management of urban water supply systems. In this study, the relative performance of regression, time series analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) models are investigated for short-term peak water demand forecasting. The significance of climatic variables (rainfall and maximum air temperature, in addition to past water demand) on water demand management is also investigated. Numerical analysis was performed on data from the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The existing water supply infrastructure will not be able to meet the demand for projected population growth; thus, a study is needed to determine the effect of peak water demand management on the sizing and staging of facilities for developing an expansion strategy. Three different ANNs and regression models and seven time-series models have been developed and compared. The ANN models consistently outperformed the regression and time-series models developed in this study. It has been found that water demand on a weekly basis is more significantly correlated with the rainfall amount than the occurrence of rainfall. |
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| publications-4323 |
article |
2006 |
Inman, David and Inman, David and Jeffrey, Paul and Jeffrey, Paul |
A review of residential water conservation tool performance and influences on implementation effectiveness |
Urban Water Journal |
10.1080/15730620600961288 |
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Water scarcity and household water consumption has received increasing attention on national public agendas in recent years. At the same time a number of important demand-side management (DSM) studies have been reported on by non-academic institutions, and there is a need for a comprehensive, up to date review of the impacts of DSM tools and the factors which influence their effectiveness. This paper aims to address an apparent lack of coverage in the academic literature by presenting a review of residential DSM tools using reports of recent DSM campaigns in the western (developed) world. The central objectives are to understand the potential for residential DSM tools to save water in different types of household under varying conditions and to identify influences on implementation effectiveness. In the discussion, we explore causes of uncertainty in DSM planning including the non-transferability of trends and existing methods of evaluation, and describe some of the resulting problems. The conclusions off... |
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| publications-4324 |
article |
2006 |
AraΓΊjo, Luana Seixas Andril and Araujo, L and Ramos, Helena M. and Ramos, Helena M. and Coelho, S. T. and Coelho, S |
Pressure Control for Leakage Minimisation in Water Distribution Systems Management |
Water Resources Management |
10.1007/s11269-006-4635-3 |
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A model to support decision systems regarding the quantification, location and opening adjustment of control valves in a network system, with the main objective to minimise pressures and consequently leakage levels is developed. This research work aims at a solution that allows simultaneously optimising the number of valves and its location, as well as valves opening adjustments for simulation in an extended period, dependently of the system characteristics. EPANET model is used for hydraulic network analysis and two operational models are developed based on the Genetic Algorithm optimisation method for pressure control, and consequently leakage reduction, since a leak is a pressure dependent function. In these two modules, this method has guaranteed an adequate technique performance, which demands a global evaluation of the system for different scenarios. A case study is presented to show the efficiency of the system by pressure control through valves management. |
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| publications-4325 |
article |
2007 |
Liu, Jianguo and Liu, Jianguo and Dietz, Thomas and Dietz, Thomas and Carpenter, Stephen R. and Carpenter, Stephen R. and Alberti, Marina and Alberti, Marina and Folke, Carl and Folke, Carl and MorΓ΅n, Emilio F. and Moran, Emilio F. and Pell, Alice N. and Pell, Alice N. and Deadman, Peter and Deadman, Peter and Kratz, Timothy K. and Kratz, Timothy K. and Lubchenco, Jane and Lubchenco, Jane and Π_x009e_ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€ and Ostrom, Elinor and Ouyang, Zhiyun and Ouyang, Zhiyun and Provencher, William and Provencher, William and Redman, Charles L. and Redman, Charles L. and Schneider, Stephen H. and Schneider, Stephen H. and Taylor, William W. and Taylor, William W. |
Complexity of coupled human and natural systems |
Science |
10.1126/science.1144004 |
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Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on present conditions and future possibilities. |
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| publications-4326 |
article |
2007 |
Rosenberg, David E. and Rosenberg, David E. and Tarawneh, Tarek M. and Tarawneh, Tarek and Abdel-Khaleq, Rania and Abdel-Khaleq, Rania and Lund, Jay R. and Lund, Jay R. |
Modeling integrated water user decisions in intermittent supply systems |
Water Resources Research |
10.1029/2006wr005340 |
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[1]We apply systems analysis to estimate household water use in an intermittent supply system considering numerous interdependent water user behaviors. Some 39 household actions include conservation; improving local storage or water quality; and accessing sources having variable costs, availabilities, reliabilities, and qualities. A stochastic optimization program with recourse decisions identifies the infrastructure investments and short-term coping actions a customer can adopt to cost-effectively respond to a probability distribution of piped water availability. Monte Carlo simulations show effects for a population of customers. Model calibration reproduces the distribution of billed residential water use in Amman, Jordan. Parametric analyses suggest economic and demand responses to increased availability and alternative pricing. It also suggests potential market penetration for conservation actions, associated water savings, and subsidies to entice further adoption. We discuss new insights to size, target, and finance conservation. |
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| publications-4327 |
article |
2007 |
Gato, Shirley and Gato, Shirley and Jayasuriya, Niranjali and Jayasuriya, Niranjali and Roberts, Peter and Roberts, Peter |
Temperature and rainfall thresholds for base use urban water demand modelling |
Journal of Hydrology |
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.02.014 |
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| publications-4328 |
article |
2010 |
Houseβ€Peters, Lily and House-Peters, Lily and Pratt, Bethany and Pratt, Bethany and Chang, Heejun and Chang, Heejun |
Effects of Urban Spatial Structure, Sociodemographics, and Climate on Residential Water Consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon1 |
Journal of The American Water Resources Association |
10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00415.x |
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House-Peters, Lily, Bethany Pratt, and Heejun Chang, 2010. Effects of Urban Spatial Structure, Sociodemographics, and Climate on Residential Water Consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):461-472. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00415.x Abstract: In the Portland metropolitan area, suburban growth in cities such as Hillsboro is projected to increase as people seek affordable housing near a burgeoning metropolis. The most significant determinants for increases in water demand are population growth, climate change, and the type of urban development that occurs. This study analyzes the spatial patterns of single family residential (SFR) water consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon, at the census block scale. The following research questions are addressed: (1) What are the significant determinants of SFR water consumption in Hillsboro, Oregon? (2) Is SFR water demand sensitive to drought conditions and interannual climate variation? (3) To what magnitude do particular census blocks react to drought conditions and interannual climate variation? Using ordinary least squares multiple regression and spatial regression methods, we found that base use, representing indoor water use, is dependent on household size and that seasonal use, representing external water use is dependent on both education level and the size of the property’s outdoor space. Spatial analysis techniques determined that although the water demand of the study area as a whole is not sensitive to drought conditions, certain individual census blocks do respond with a higher magnitude of water use. The most climate-sensitive census blocks tend to contain newer and larger homes, and have higher property values and more affluent and well-educated residents. |
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| publications-4329 |
article |
2010 |
Nicklow, John W. and Nicklow, John W. and Reed, Patrick M. and Reed, Patrick M. and SaviΔ‡, Dragan and Savic, Dragan and Dessalegne, Tibebe and Dessalegne, Tibebe and Dessalegne, Tibebe and Harrell, Laura J. and Harrell, Laura J. and Hilton, Amy B. Chan and Chan-Hilton, Amy and Chan-Hilton, Amy B. and Karamouz, β€Mohammad and Karamouz, Mohammad and Minsker, Barbara and Minsker, Barbara S. and Ostfeld, Avi and Ostfeld, Avi and Singh, Abhishek and Singh, Abhishek and Zechman, Emily M. and Zechman, Emily M. and Zechman, Emily M. and Zechman, Emily M. |
State of the Art for Genetic Algorithms and Beyond in Water Resources Planning and Management |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000053 |
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During the last two decades, the water resources planning and management profession has seen a dramatic increase in the development and application of various types of evolutionary algorithms (EAs). This observation is especially true for application of genetic algorithms, arguably the most popular of the several types of EAs. Generally speaking, EAs repeatedly prove to be flexible and powerful tools in solving an array of complex water resources problems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods and their applications in the field of water resources planning and management. A primary goal in this ASCE Task Committee effort is to identify in an organized fashion some of the seminal contributions of EAs in the areas of water distribution systems, urban drainage and sewer systems, water supply and wastewater treatment, hydrologic and fluvial modeling, groundwater systems, and parameter identification. The paper also identifies major challenges and opportunities for the future, ... |
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| publications-4330 |
article |
2010 |
Russell, Sally and Russell, Sally and Fielding, Kelly S. and Fielding, Kelly S. |
Water demand management research: A psychological perspective |
Water Resources Research |
10.1029/2009wr008408 |
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[1]The availability of fresh water for human consumption is a critical global issue and one that will be exacerbated by the impacts of climate change. Water demand management has an important role to play in reducing the vulnerability of freshwater supplies to climate change impacts. In this paper, we argue that the field of psychology and environmental psychology in particular can make a vital contribution in understanding further the drivers of residential water demand. A growing body of literature in environmental psychology has examined the determinants of water conservation behavior, and this research has many potential applications for water demand policy. In this paper we offer a review of current psychological research that examines the five broad causes of residential water conservation behaviors: attitudes, beliefs, habits or routines, personal capabilities, and contextual factors. We assess how psychologists have studied water conservation behavior to date, identify shortcomings, and indicate how this research can be used to further promote residential water conservation and to inform evidence-based policy and practice. |
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