| publications-4301 |
article |
2011 |
Tuegel, Eric J. and Tuegel, Eric J. and Ingraffea, Anthony R. and Ingraffea, Anthony R. and Eason, Thomas and Eason, Thomas and Spottswood, S. Michael and Spottswood, S. Michael |
Reengineering Aircraft Structural Life Prediction Using a Digital Twin |
International Journal of Aerospace Engineering |
10.1155/2011/154798 |
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Reengineering of the aircraft structural life prediction process to fully exploit advances in very high performance digital computing is proposed. The proposed process utilizes an ultrahigh fidelity model of individual aircraft by tail number, a Digital Twin, to integrate computation of structural deflections and temperatures in response to flight conditions, with resulting local damage and material state evolution. A conceptual model of how the Digital Twin can be used for predicting the life of aircraft structure and assuring its structural integrity is presented. The technical challenges to developing and deploying a Digital Twin are discussed in detail. |
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| publications-4302 |
article |
2013 |
Cardell-Oliver, Rachel and Cardell-Oliver, Rachel |
Water use signature patterns for analyzing household consumption using medium resolution meter data |
Water Resources Research |
10.1002/2013wr014458 |
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[1]Providers of potable water to households and businesses are charged with conserving water. Addressing this challenge requires accurate information about how water is actually being used. So smart meters are being deployed on a large scale by water providers to collect medium resolution water use data. This paper presents water use signature patterns, the first technique designed for medium resolution meters for discovering patterns that explain how households use water. Signature patterns are clusters (subsets) of water meter readings specified by patterns on volumes and calendar dates. Four types of signature pattern are introduced in this paper: continuous flow days; exceptional peak use days; programmed patterns with recurrent hours; and normal use partitioned by season and period of the day. Signature patterns for each household are calculated using efficient selection rules that scale for city populations and years of data collection. Data from a real-world, large-scale, smart metering trial are analyzed using water use signature patterns. The results demonstrate that water use behaviors are distinctive, for both individuals and populations. Signatures can identify behaviors that are promising targets for water conservation. Pattern discovery can be automated with an efficient and scalable computer program. By identifying relevant consumption patterns in medium resolution meter data, water use signature patterns can help to achieve the water conservation potential of large-scale smart metering. |
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| publications-4303 |
article |
2016 |
Sønderlund, Anders Larrabee and Sonderlund, Anders Larrabee and Sønderlund, Anders Larrabee and Smith, Joanne R. and Smith, Joanne R. and Hutton, Christopher and Hutton, Christopher and Kapelan, Zoran and Kapelan, Zoran and Savić, Dragan and Savic, Dragan |
Effectiveness of Smart Meter-Based Consumption Feedback in Curbing Household Water Use: Knowns and Unknowns |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000703 |
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AbstractAdaptive approaches are required to counteract the mounting threats to water security. Demand management will feature centrally in such adaptations. The increase in the use of smart-meter technology offers an improved way for utilities to gauge consumer demand and to supply consumers with consumption feedback in (near) real time. Such feedback can decrease the discrepancies between perceived and actual water usage. In contrast to the energy sector, however, where the advantages associated with smart-meter consumption feedback are extensively documented, few studies have focused on the usefulness of such feedback when it comes to managing water consumption. This review assesses the evidence base for the effectiveness of water-usage feedback technology in encouraging water conservation. The review highlights the potential value of high-granularity smart-meter feedback technology in managing domestic water consumption. Findings from the papers covered in this review (N=21) indicate that feedback was ... |
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| publications-4304 |
article |
2016 |
Cardell-Oliver, Rachel and Cardell-Oliver, Rachel and Wang, Jin and Wang, Jin and Gigney, Helen and Gigney, Helen |
Smart Meter Analytics to Pinpoint Opportunities for Reducing Household Water Use |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000634 |
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AbstractKnowledge of when, how, and by whom water is being used is crucial for planning ways to conserve drinking water. The goal of this paper is to identify groups of similar households (whom) based on their regular high-magnitude behaviors (RHMBs) of water consumption (when and how). RHMBs are frequent recurrences of high water use with regular timing. Household RHMBs are promising targets for behavior change. A two-stage data analytics approach is proposed. First, smart meter data is analyzed to identify RHMBs automatically. Second, salient features of the RHMBs are used to group households with similar behaviors. The approach is evaluated on two contrasting towns from low-rainfall regions of Australia. RHMBs accounted for 2 to 10 times more water than the traditional water efficiency target of continuous flows. For one group of 220 households, 60\% of peak-hour demand was RHMBs. This paper demonstrates how RHMBs can be used to pinpoint opportunities for tailored demand management. Targets for substant... |
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| publications-4305 |
article |
2017 |
Mohammadi, Neda and Mohammadi, Neda and Taylor, John E. and Taylor, John E. |
Smart city digital twins |
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10.1109/ssci.2017.8285439 |
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Driven by the challenges of rapid urbanization, cities are determined to implement advanced socio-technological changes and transform into smarter cities. The success of such transformation, however, greatly relies on a thorough understanding of the city's states of spatiotemporal flux. The ability to understand such fluctuations in context and in terms of interdependencies that exist among various entities across time and space is crucial, if cities are to maintain their smart growth. Here, we introduce a Smart City Digital Twin paradigm that can enable increased visibility into cities' human-infrastructure-technology interactions, in which spatiotemporal fluctuations of the city are integrated into an analytics platform at the real-time intersection of reality-virtuality. Through learning and exchange of spatiotemporal information with the city, enabled through virtualization and the connectivity offered by Internet of Things (IoT), this Digital Twin of the city becomes smarter over time, able to provide predictive insights into the city's smarter performance and growth. |
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| publications-4306 |
article |
2019 |
Khajavi, Siavash H. and Khajavi, Siavash H. and Motlagh, Naser Hossein and Motlagh, Naser Hossein and Jaribion, Alireza and Jaribion, Alireza and Werner, Liss C. and Werner, Liss C. and Holmström, Jan and Holmström, Jan |
Digital Twin: Vision, Benefits, Boundaries, and Creation for Buildings |
IEEE Access |
10.1109/access.2019.2946515 |
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The concept of a digital twin has been used in some industries where an accurate digital model of the equipment can be used for predictive maintenance. The use of a digital twin for performance is critical, and for capital-intensive equipment such as jet engines it proved to be successful in terms of cost savings and reliability improvements. In this paper, we aim to study the expansion of the digital twin in including building life cycle management and explore the benefits and shortcomings of such implementation. In four rounds of experimentation, more than 25,000 sensor reading instances were collected, analyzed, and utilized to create and test a limited digital twin of an office building facade element. This is performed to point out the method of implementation, highlight the benefits gained from digital twin, and to uncover some of the technical shortcomings of the current Internet of Things systems for this purpose. |
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| publications-4307 |
article |
2019 |
Qi, Qinglin and Qi, Qinglin and Tao, Fei and Tao, Fei and Hu, Tianliang and Hu, Tianliang and Hu, Tianliang and Anwer, Nabil and Anwer, Nabil and Liu, Ang and Liu, Ang and Wei, Yongli and Wei, Yongli and Wei, Yongli and Wang, Lihui and Wang, Lihui and Nee, A. Y. C. and Nee, Andrew Y. C. |
Enabling technologies and tools for digital twin |
Journal of Manufacturing Systems |
10.1016/j.jmsy.2019.10.001 |
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| publications-4308 |
article |
2020 |
Cotterill, Sarah and Cotterill, Sarah and Cotterill, Sarah and Bunney, Sarah and Bunney, Sarah and Bunney, Sarah and Bunney, Sarah and Lawson, Elizabeth and Lawson, Elizabeth and Chisholm, Alastair and Chisholm, Alastair and Farmani, Raziyeh and Farmani, Raziyeh and Melvilleβ€Shreeve, Peter and Melville-Shreeve, Peter |
COVID-19 and the water sector: understanding impact, preparedness and resilience in the UK through a sector-wide survey. |
Water and Environment Journal |
10.1111/wej.12649 |
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic led to drastically altered working practices During the UK lockdown, a questionnaire was distributed to water professionals to understand their experiences and perceptions of organisational response Findings were evaluated on the measures of mitigation, adaptation, coping and learning Employees? perceived there were adequate procedures to mitigate a threat, partly due to preparations for Brexit Participants quickly adapted, with eighty-four percent working from home Coping was experienced at an individual and sector level IT issues and care responsibilities made it harder for individuals to cope, but good communication and signposting of support helped Eighty percent felt able to continue their usual role, implying coping mechanisms were effective At the sector level, coping involved the ability to meet an increased water demand with a remote workforce Lessons learned highlight the importance of communication and collaboration Future crisis plans should prepare for prolonged crises of international magnitude and multiple threats |
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| publications-4309 |
article |
0 |
Renwick, Mary E. and Renwick, Mary E. and Archibald, Sandra O. and Archibald, Sandra O. |
Demand Side Management Policies for Residential Water Use: Who Bears the Conservation Burden? |
Land Economics |
10.2307/3147117 |
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| publications-4310 |
article |
1977 |
Alperovits, E. and Alperovits, E. and Shamir, Uri and Shamir, Uri |
Design of optimal water distribution systems |
Water Resources Research |
10.1029/wr013i006p00885 |
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A method called linear programing gradient (LPG) is presented, by which the optimal design of a water distribution system can be obtained. The system is a pipeline network, which delivers known demands from sources to consumers and may contain pumps, valves, and reservoirs. Operation of the system under each of a set of demand loadings is considered explicitly in the optimization. The decision variables thus include design parameters, i.e., pipe diameters, pump capacities and reservoir elevations, and operational parameters, i.e., the pumps to be operated and the valve settings for each of the loading conditions. The objective function, to be minimized, reflects the overall cost capital plus present value of operating costs. The constraints are that demands are to be met and pressures at selected nodes in the network are to be within specified limits. The solution is obtained via a hierarchial decomposition of the optimization problem. The primary variables are the flows in the network. For each flow distribution the other decision variables are optimized by linear programing. Postoptimality analysis of the linear program provides the information necessary to compute the gradient of the total cost with respect to changes in the flow distribution. The gradient is used to change the flows so that a (local) optimum is approached. The method was implemented in a computer program. Solved examples are presented. |
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