| publications-3851 |
article |
2014 |
Kirstein, Jonas Kjeld and Kirstein, Jonas Kjeld and Albrechtsen, Hansβ€JΓΈrgen and Albrechtsen, Hans-JΓΈrgen and Rygaard, Martin and Rygaard, Martin |
Simplification of Water Distribution Network Simulation by Topological Clustering – Investigation of its Potential Use in Copenhagen's Water Supply Monitoring and Contamination Contingency Plans |
Procedia Engineering |
10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.248 |
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Abstract Topological clustering was investigated to simplify a complex water distribution network of Copenhagen, Denmark, into recogniz- able water movement patterns. This made it possible to assess the general transport of the water and to suggest strategic sampling locations. Through a topological analysis, the network model was divided into strongly and weakly connected clusters within selected time periods. Steady connected clusters were found by conducting a cluster analysis over all chosen selected time periods. We identified sampling locations with steady hydraulic conditions, increasing the samples’ comparability over time, and locations, where samples represent the distributed and consumed water in the Norrebro district. |
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| publications-3852 |
article |
2014 |
Gurung, Thulo Ram and Gurung, Thulo Ram and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Sharma, Ashok and Sharma, Ashok and Beal, Cara and Beal, Cara |
Smart meters for enhanced water supply network modelling and infrastructure planning |
Resources Conservation and Recycling |
10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.06.005 |
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Abstract To design water distribution network infrastructure, water utilities formulate daily demand profiles and peaking factors. However, traditional methods of developing such profiles and peaking factors, necessary to carry out water distribution network modelling, are often founded on a number of assumptions on how top-down bulk water consumption is attributed to customer connections and outdated demand information that does not reflect present consumption trends; meaning infrastructure is often unnecessarily overdesigned. The recent advent of high resolution smart water meters allows for a new novel methodology for using the continuous β€big data’ generated by these meter fleets to create evidence-based water demand curves suitable for use in network models. To demonstrate the application of the developed method, high resolution water consumption data from households fitted with smart water meters were collected from the South East Queensland and Hervey Bay regions in Australia. Average day (AD), peak day (PD) and mean day maximum month (MDMM) demand curves, often used in water supply network modelling, were developed from the herein created methodology using both individual end-use level and hourly demand patterns from the smart meters. The resulting modelled water demand patterns for AD, PD and MDMM had morning and evening peaks occurring earlier and lower main peaks (AD: 12\%; PD: 20\%; MDMM: 33\%) than the currently used demand profiles of the regions’ water utility. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of widespread smart water metering systems for enhanced water distribution infrastructure planning and management as well as the benefits to customers. |
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| publications-3853 |
article |
1999 |
Lambert, A. and Lambert, A. O. and Brown, Thomas G. and Brown, T. G. and Takizawa, Makoto and Takizawa, M. and Weimer, David L. and Weimer, D. |
A review of performance indicators for real losses from water supply systems |
Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua |
10.2166/aqua.1999.0025 |
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The IWA9s Task Force on Unaccounted-for Water (UFW) had two key objectives. The firstβ€” Recommendations for a standard international terminology for calculation of real and apparent losses from water balance β€”is presented as a Blue Pages [1]. As the secondβ€”to review performance indicators (PIs) for international comparisons of losses in water supply systemsβ€”is only briefly mentioned in the Blue Pages , this AQUA paper explains the technical basis for the task force9s recommendations on PIs for real (physical) losses. Traditional PIs were checked against several key local factors which constrain performance in managing real losses. β€Number of service connections’ was found to be the most consistent of the traditional PIs over the greatest range of density of service connections, and is recommended as the preferred basic traditional technical indicator for real losses (TIRL). However, TIRL does not take account of several key local factors. To overcome this deficiency, TIRL should be compared with an estimate of unavoidable annual real losses (UARL). An auditable component-based approach is developed and satisfactorily tested for predicting UARL for any system, taking into account the local factors and using international data. The infrastructure leakage index (ILI), calculated as the ratio of TIRL to UARL, is a nondimensional PI, which enables overall infrastructure management performance in control of real losses to be assessed independently of the current operating pressures; minimum achievable operating pressures are usually constrained by local topography and standards of service. |
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| publications-3854 |
article |
2012 |
Perelman, Lina and Ostfeld, Avi |
Water-Distribution Systems Simplifications through Clustering |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000173 |
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AbstractFor large water-distribution systems fully detailed models result in a substantial amount of data, making it difficult to manage, monitor, and understand how the main structure of the system works. A possible way to cope with this difficulty is to gain insight to the system behavior by simplifying its operation through topological/connectivity analysis. The objective of this study is to develop and demonstrate a generic topological-based scheme to aid in the analysis of water-distribution systems. The methodology relies on clustering, which divides the distribution system into strongly and weakly connected sub-graphs using the depth first search (DFS) and breadth first search (BFS) graph algorithms. The partitioning results in a connectivity matrix that represents the interconnections between clusters, which can support, for example, a response modeling plan in case of a contamination intrusion incident. A detailed illustrative example and a real complex water-distribution system are explored for ... |
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| publications-3855 |
article |
2016 |
Kandiah, Venu and Kandiah, Venu K. and Berglund, Emily Zechman and Berglund, Emily Zechman and Binder, Andrew R. and Binder, Andrew R. |
Cellular automata modeling framework for urban water reuse planning and management. |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000696 |
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AbstractWater reuse provides a sustainable approach to balance water supply and demand in urban areas, and reclaimed water can be used for nonpotable applications to reduce demands on freshwater sources. Construction of a secondary network is required to distribute reclaimed water. Implementing water reuse projects on a wider scale is challenged by the need for communitywide public acceptance and adoption, which may be a dynamic and adaptive process. The adoption of new water infrastructure can drive hydraulic conditions in both the reclaimed network and an existing drinking water network. This research develops a dynamic modeling framework using a cellular automata (CA) approach to simulate consumer adoption of reclaimed water. The framework couples the CA model of consumer adoption with water distribution system models of the drinking and reclaimed water systems. Emergent distribution system hydraulic conditions are simulated, and the capacity utilization and system performance are evaluated as consumer... |
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| publications-3856 |
article |
2017 |
Grieves, Michael W. and Grieves, Michael W. and Vickers, John and Vickers, John and Vickers, John |
Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredictable, Undesirable Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems |
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10.1007/978-3-319-38756-7_4 |
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Systems do not simply pop into existence. They progress through lifecycle phases of creation, production, operations, and disposal. The issues leading to undesirable and unpredicted emergent behavior are set in place during the phases of creation and production and realized during the operational phase, with many of those problematic issues due to human interaction. We propose that the idea of the Digital Twin, which links the physical system with its virtual equivalent can mitigate these problematic issues. We describe the Digital Twin concept and its development, show how it applies across the product lifecycle in defining and understanding system behavior, and define tests to evaluate how we are progressing. We discuss how the Digital Twin relates to Systems Engineering and how it can address the human interactions that lead to β€_x009c_normal accidents.β€_x009d_ We address both Digital Twin obstacles and opportunities, such as system replication and front running. We finish with NASA’s current work with the Digital Twin. |
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| publications-3857 |
article |
2017 |
Koutiva, Ifigeneia and Koutiva, Ifigeneia and Makropoulos, Christos and Makropoulos, Christos |
Exploring the effects of domestic water management measures to water conservation attitudes using agent based modelling |
Water Science & Technology: Water Supply |
10.2166/ws.2016.161 |
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The urban water system9s sustainable evolution requires managing both water supply and water demand within a complete urban water cycle framework. Such an approach, however, requires tools to analyse and simulate the complete system including both physical and cultural environments. One of the main challenges, in this regard, is the design and development of tools able to simulate the society9s water demand behaviour and the way policy measures affect it. The effects of these policy measures are a function of personal attitudes that subsequently lead to the formation of people9s behaviours. This work focuses on the exploration of social impact theory on water conservation attitudes of urban households. A model is designed and implemented using agent based modelling. The developed model9s ability to represent social structure and mechanisms of social influences is tested against historical data from the 1988–1994 drought of Athens, Greece as a case study. |
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| publications-3858 |
article |
2017 |
Sankary, Nathan and Sankary, Nathan and Ostfeld, Avi and Ostfeld, Avi |
Inline Mobile Sensors for Contaminant Early Warning Enhancement in Water Distribution Systems |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000732 |
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AbstractPrompt detection of intentional or accidental contamination of the public water supply is vital to maintain public health in any centralized water distribution system. Being able to quickly detect a system contamination event may be the single most influential factor to reduce possible contamination fallout. Consequently, major research has explored how to best protect a water distribution system (WDS) through strategic placement of fixed water quality monitoring stations. Although fixed monitoring stations within a wireless sensor network (WSN) are robust with respect to hydraulic conditions, the stations are expensive to place, and may not provide the highest spatial and temporal resolution of contamination detection. This work sets to build the understanding of a mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) where inline mobile sensors function within water in pipes to monitor water quality and to wirelessly transmit data to fixed transceivers in real time. Mobile sensor behavior was modeled alongside ... |
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| publications-3859 |
article |
2018 |
Nguyen, Khoi and Nguyen, Khoi Anh and Nguyen, Khoi and Nguyen, Khoi and Nguyen, Khoi Anh and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Zhang, Hong and Zhang, Hong and Sahin, Oz and Sahin, Oz and Siriwardene, Nilmini and Siriwardene, Nilmini |
Re-engineering traditional urban water management practices with smart metering and informatics |
Environmental Modelling and Software |
10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.12.015 |
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Current practice for the design of an urban water system usually relies on various models that are often founded on a number of assumptions on how bulk water consumption is attributed to customer connections and outdated demand information that does not reflect present consumption trends; meaning infrastructure is often unnecessarily overdesigned. The recent advent of high resolution smart water meters and advanced data analytics allow for a new era of using the continuous β€big data’ generated by these meter fleets to create an intelligent system for urban water management to overcome this problem. The aim of this research is to provide infrastructure planners with a detailed understanding of how granular data generated by an intelligent water management system (AutoflowΒ©) can be utilised to obtain significant efficiencies throughout different stages of an urban water cycle, from supply, distribution, customer engagement, and even wastewater treatment. |
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| publications-3860 |
article |
2019 |
Kaewunruen, Sakdirat and Kaewunruen, Sakdirat and Kaewunruen, Sakdirat and Lian, Qi and Lian, Qiang |
Digital twin aided sustainability-based lifecycle management for railway turnout systems |
Journal of Cleaner Production |
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.156 |
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Abstract Railway turnouts or so-called β€switches and crossings’ are complex systems by nature of design and construction. Railway turnouts are used to change direction of trains from one to another. They require high-quality construction and maintenance, in order to minimise rapid degradation and component failures that could result in train derailments. Due to the complexity of railway turnouts, the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance can be improved by integrating existing practice by Building Information Modelling (BIM). This research establishes and analyses the world's first 6D BIM for life cycle management of a railway turnout system. The BIM (Level 3) has integrated 6-dimensions of field data information based on Revit-2018 and Navisworks-2018 platforms. The digital twins of a railway turnout in 3D embrace time schedule, costs and sustainability across the whole life cycle. The use of BIM for railway turnout systems has the potential to improve the overall information flow of the turnout planning and design, manufacturing pre-assembly and logistic, construction and installation, operation and management and demolition, thereby achieving better project performance and quality. Based on integrated information of railway turnout system, the 6D BIM has the ability to assess on economic, management and sustainability, and achieve a balance among them. This is the word first to demonstrate that BIM can fully deliver its essential benefits by information sharing, easing technical communication, improving design quality, reducing of design errors, accelerating implementation, speeding up work, shortening construction duration, reducing construction costs, enhancing carbon efficiency, supporting project management, and providing its owners with higher operational efficiency over the railway turnout system life-cycle. The results reveal that embodied material emission is the main contributor towards carbon footprint, especially produced during the manufacturing stage. The reconstruction stage contributes the most expensive phase of life cycle. The insight will significantly benefit the co-value creation among engineers, project managers, technicians, and senior management team. |
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