Scientific Results

This catalogue is obtained by conducting a systematic literature review of scientific studies and reviews related to monitoring, forecasting, and simulating the inland water cycle. The analysis maps scientific expertise across research groups and classifies findings by the type of inland water studied, application focus, and geographical scope. A gap analysis will identify missing research areas and assess their relevance to policymaking.

ID ▲	Type	Year	Authors	Title	Venue/Journal	DOI	Abstract
publications-3881	article	2016	Matthews, John C. and Matthews, John C.	Disaster Resilience of Critical Water Infrastructure Systems	Journal of Structural Engineering-asce	10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001341	AbstractCritical water infrastructure systems (e.g.,drinking water treatment, transmission, and distribution; and wastewater and stormwater collection and treatment) are critical functions of a healthy society. Disaster resilience of these infrastructure systems during and after hazards is vital for the response and recovery to the event. Critical aspects of resiliency such as planning for hazardous conditions and taking into account interdependences with the electrical infrastructure must be understood so that water infrastructure system managers can improve system resiliency. These aspects are not always initially clear until the system is exposed to a hazard, which is why we can learn so much from recent disasters. This paper outlines and quantifies the key aspects of water infrastructure system resiliency (e.g.,water system redundancy, wastewater system storage, etc.) to allow for comparison. An analysis of these parameters using historical hazardous events (i.e.,hurricanes Katrina and Rita) is pre...
publications-3882	article	2000	Helbing, Dirk and Helbing, Dirk and Farkas, IllΓ©s J. and Farkas, IllΓ©s J. and Vicsek, TamΓ΅s and Vicsek, TamΓ΅s	Simulating dynamical features of escape panic	Nature	10.1038/35035023	One of the most disastrous forms of collective human behaviour is the kind of crowd stampede induced by panic, often leading to fatalities as people are crushed or trampled. Sometimes this behaviour is triggered in life-threatening situations such as fires in crowded buildings1,2; at other times, stampedes can arise during the rush for seats3,4 or seemingly without cause. Although engineers are finding ways to alleviate the scale of such disasters, their frequency seems to be increasing with the number and sizeofmass events2,5. But systematic studies of panic behaviour6,7,8,9 and quantitative theories capable of predicting such crowd dynamics5,10,11,12 are rare. Here we use a model of pedestrian behaviour to investigate the mechanisms of (and preconditions for) panic and jamming by uncoordinated motion in crowds. Our simulations suggest practical ways to prevent dangerous crowd pressures. Moreover, we find an optimal strategy for escape from asmoke-filled room, involving a mixture of individualistic behaviour and collective β€herdingβ€™ instinct.
publications-3883	article	2008	Kim, Minyoung and Kim, Minyoung and Kim, Min-Young and Choi, Christopher Y. and Gerba, Charles P.	Source tracking of microbial intrusion in water systems using artificial neural networks	Water Research	10.1016/j.watres.2007.09.032	Abstract A β€_x009c_what-ifβ€_x009d_ scenario where biological agents are accidentally or deliberately introduced into a water system was generated, and artificial neural network (ANN) models were applied to identify the pathogenic release location to isolate the contaminated area and minimize its hazards. The spatiotemporal distribution of Escherichia coli 15597 along the water system was employed to locate pollutants by inversely interpreting transport patterns of E. coli using ANNs. Results showed that dispersion patterns of E. coli were positively correlated to pH, turbidity, and conductivity ( R 2 =0.90β€“0.96), and the ANN models successfully identified the source location of E. coli introduced into a given system with 75\% accuracy based on the pre-programmed relationships between E. coli transport patterns and release locations. The findings in this study will enable us to assess the vulnerability of essential water systems, establish the early warning system and protect humans and the environment.
publications-3884	article	2013	Sanaei, Maryam and Sanaei, Maryam and Javernickβ€Will, Amy and Javernick-Will, Amy and Chinowsky, Paul S. and Chinowsky, Paul	The influence of generation on knowledge sharing connections and methods in construction and engineering organizations headquartered in the US	Construction Management and Economics	10.1080/01446193.2013.835490	Four generations of employees: Traditionalists, Baby boomers, Generation X and Generation Y, are now working together in organizations. This demographic diversity can provide benefits for construction and engineering organizations, but it can also hinder knowledge sharing across organizations. Because well-distributed knowledge sharing connections (KSCs) increase knowledge sharing across the entire organization, thereby enhancing performance, managers are focusing on how to facilitate these connections. With four generations working together within organizations, managers need to ascertain how to span generational boundaries to increase organizational knowledge sharing and to (1) determine whether generational attributes of employees impact on knowledge sharing patterns; and (2) identify the most frequent knowledge sharing (KS) methods that each generation uses to share knowledge within communities of practice (CoPs) in construction and engineering companies. To address this, data were obtained from 734 employees within three CoPs in two construction and engineering organizations headquartered in the United States. Using a unit of analysis of KSCs, the generational attributes of CoP members were mapped to their existing KSCs, along with their preferences for methods to share knowledge, to analyse the influence of generation on these connections. Findings show that even though survey respondents rated generational attributes as not important for maintaining KSCs, the generational attributes of employees influenced the existence of KSCs. Moreover, results indicate that there was no difference between generations in using the most popular KS methods of personal discussion and e-mail, while significant differences were observed in the use of instant messaging and meetings for different generations.
publications-3885	article	2001	Zoppou, Christopher and Zoppou, Christopher and Reed, Michael and Reed, Michael	Water Distribution Network Design Optimization: Simulated Annealing Approach	Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management	10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2001)127:1(69)
publications-3886	article	2012	GonzΓ΅lezβ€RodrΓguez, Gil and GonzΓ΅lez-RodrΓguez, Gil and Colubi, Ana and Colubi, Ana and Gil, MarΓa Γngeles and Gil, MarΓa Γngeles and Gil, MarΓa Γngeles	Fuzzy data treated as functional data: A one-way ANOVA test approach	Computational Statistics & Data Analysis	10.1016/j.csda.2010.06.013
publications-3887	article	2012	Cardoso, Maria Adriana and Cardoso, M. A. and Cardoso, M. A. and Silva, M. Santos and Silva, M. Santos and Coelho, S. T. and Coelho, S. T. and Almeida, M. C. and Almeida, M. C. and Covas, DΓdia and Covas, DΓdia	Urban water infrastructure asset management - a structured approach in four water utilities.	Water Science and Technology	10.2166/wst.2012.509	Water services are a strategic sector of large social and economic relevance. It is therefore essential that they are managed rationally and efficiently. Advanced water supply and wastewater infrastructure asset management (IAM) is key in achieving adequate levels of service in the future, particularly with regard to reliable and high quality drinking water supply, prevention of urban flooding, efficient use of natural resources and prevention of pollution. This paper presents a methodology for supporting the development of urban water IAM, developed during the AWARE-P project as well as an appraisal of its implementation in four water utilities. Both water supply and wastewater systems were considered. Due to the different contexts and features of the utilities, the main concerns vary from case to case; some problems essentially are related to performance, others to risk. Cost is a common deciding factor. The paper describes the procedure applied, focusing on the diversity of drivers, constraints, benefits and outcomes. It also points out the main challenges and the results obtained through the implementation of a structured procedure for supporting urban water IAM.
publications-3888	article	2012	Gikas, Georgios D. and Gikas, Georgios D. and Tsihrintzis, VassiliΞΏs A. and Tsihrintzis, Vassilios A.	Assessment of water quality of first-flush roof runoff and harvested rainwater	Journal of Hydrology	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.08.020
publications-3889	article	2010	Blokker, Mirjam and Blokker, Mirjam and Blokker, E. J. M. and Vreeburg, J.H.G. and Pieterse-Quirijns, E. J. and Dijk, Judith and Vreeburg, Jan and Vreeburg, J. H. G. and van Dijk, J.C. and van Dijk, J.C.	Simulating Residential Water Demand with a Stochastic End-Use Model	Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management	10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000002	A water demand end-use model was developed to predict water demand patterns with a small time scale (1 s) and small spatial scale (residence level). The end-use model is based on statistical information of users and end-uses: census data such as the number of people per household and their ages; the frequency of use; duration and flow per water-use event; occurrence over the day for different end-uses such as flushing the toilet, doing the laundry, washing hands, etc. With this approach, water demand patterns can be simulated. The simulation results were compared to measured water demand patterns on attributes such as peak flow and daily total water use, as well as on the shape of the pattern and the frequency distribution of flows and accelerations in flow. The simulation results show a good correspondence to measured water demands. Because the end-use model is based on statistical information rather than flow measurements, the model is transferable to diverse residential areas in different countries. Th...
publications-3890	article	2011	Luna, Ronaldo and Luna, Ronaldo and Balakrishnan, Nandini Kavanal and Balakrishnan, Nandini Kavanal and DaΔ_x009f_li, CiΜ‡han H. and Dagli, Cihan H. and Dagli, Cihan H. and Dagli, Cihan H.	Postearthquake Recovery of a Water Distribution System: Discrete Event Simulation Using Colored Petri Nets	Journal of Infrastructure Systems	10.1061/(asce)is.1943-555x.0000039	Planning and preparedness is essential for any resilient infrastructure system. Modeling and simulation give engineers and planners a better understanding of the system and help them make better decisions. The objective of this study is to demonstrate an improved model for the disaster restoration process by using a discrete event simulation approach. The study also aims to help improve the postearthquake restoration process by simulating restoration curves. In this paper, colored Petri nets are used to model the system and to simulate its behavior. The resource allocation after a rare event such as an earthquake differs from the resource allocation of other projects and processes in that the time to do the repair and recovery is not known before the event, and the priorities might change for different operational plans and strategies. The trunk network of the Tokyo water distribution system was used as an example to present the scenario and to model the restoration process. The timed simulation allowed v...