ID:
publications-3853
Type:
article
Year:
1999
Authors:
Lambert, A. and Lambert, A. O. and Brown, Thomas G. and Brown, T. G. and Takizawa, Makoto and Takizawa, M. and Weimer, David L. and Weimer, D.
Title:
A review of performance indicators for real losses from water supply systems
Venue/Journal:
Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua
DOI:
10.2166/aqua.1999.0025
Research type:
Water System:
Technical Focus:
Abstract:
The IWA9s Task Force on Unaccounted-for Water (UFW) had two key objectives. The firstĪ²ā¬ā Recommendations for a standard international terminology for calculation of real and apparent losses from water balance Ī²ā¬āis presented as a Blue Pages [1]. As the secondĪ²ā¬āto review performance indicators (PIs) for international comparisons of losses in water supply systemsĪ²ā¬āis only briefly mentioned in the Blue Pages , this AQUA paper explains the technical basis for the task force9s recommendations on PIs for real (physical) losses. Traditional PIs were checked against several key local factors which constrain performance in managing real losses. Ī²ā¬ĀNumber of service connectionsĪ²ā¬ā¢ was found to be the most consistent of the traditional PIs over the greatest range of density of service connections, and is recommended as the preferred basic traditional technical indicator for real losses (TIRL). However, TIRL does not take account of several key local factors. To overcome this deficiency, TIRL should be compared with an estimate of unavoidable annual real losses (UARL). An auditable component-based approach is developed and satisfactorily tested for predicting UARL for any system, taking into account the local factors and using international data. The infrastructure leakage index (ILI), calculated as the ratio of TIRL to UARL, is a nondimensional PI, which enables overall infrastructure management performance in control of real losses to be assessed independently of the current operating pressures; minimum achievable operating pressures are usually constrained by local topography and standards of service.
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