Scientific Results

This catalogue is obtained by conducting a systematic literature review of scientific studies and reviews related to monitoring, forecasting, and simulating the inland water cycle. The analysis maps scientific expertise across research groups and classifies findings by the type of inland water studied, application focus, and geographical scope. A gap analysis will identify missing research areas and assess their relevance to policymaking.

ID â–² Type Year Authors Title Venue/Journal DOI Research type Water System Technical Focus Abstract Link with Projects Link with Tools Related policies ID
publications-5411 Conference paper 2017 Kristoffersen Ø.; Stanko M.; Hoffmann A. Short term production optimization using a model of the Peregrino Field, Brazil OTC Brasil 2017 10.4043/27995-ms Peregrino is a field offshore Brazil with a FPSO and 2 fixed platforms currently producing close to 100 000 stb/d of oil. Production wells are equipped with electric submersible pumps (ESP) and all produced water is reinjected back into the reservoir using 6 injectors for pressure support. The viscosity of the crude is high (163 cp at reservoir conditions). The present work explores the merits and provides the development details of a model-based production optimization scheme to advice on the best frequency settings of the ESPs in each well. This to ensure the maximum amount possible of oil is produced when water injection capacity is a bottleneck. Furthermore, it studies how the optimal operating conditions change with time. The optimization formulation considers maximization of total oil production, the maximum allowable water produced given by the available injection capacity and the operational constraints of the ESPs. The optimization was formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Problem (MILP). The performance of the wells is represented with piecewise linear tables generated from a commercial simulator. For the cases tested, the proposed optimization scheme works successfully: It has low running times suitable for real time production optimization, handles successfully multiple operational constraints, and guarantees global optimality. Optimization results are presented for future times. By using piecewise linear tables to represent the well performances the fidelity of the original model is maintained, while ensuring a robust and fast optimization of the problem. Moreover, it is suitable for frequent model updates without requiring changing the optimization formulation. In summary, this work proposes a method to handle part of the operational complexities of the Peregrino field using a digital twin. © 2017, Offshore Technology Conference.
publications-5412 Conference paper 2019 Gericke G.A.; Kuriakose R.B.; Vermaak H.J.; Mardsen O. Design of Digital Twins for Optimization of a Water Bottling Plant IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference) 10.1109/IECON.2019.8926880 The advent of Industry 4.0 has resulted in a paradigm shift in the role of assembly lines in a manufacturing system. Previously, assembly lines were the central component in bringing about mass production. However, the shift in focus from mass production to mass customization has resulted in several changes to the traditional assembly line. A notable change is the need to create a Digital Twin, which can replicate physical assets, processes and systems that fulfill the various processes in a real world plant. This paper looks at creating a Digital Twin for the optimization of a water bottling plant in a production line. The Digital Twin utilizes an Open Platform Communication server to collect sensor information from the production line through a PLC. Once the Digital Twin has processed the information, the applied solution can then be sent back to the Open Platform Communication server and read in by the individual PLC's to reduce bottlenecks and production delays. This is accomplished by setting up a Digital Twin with three SMART Manufacturing Units that are tasked with the production of 500ml water bottles. Here premade 500ml bottles are fed into the system, filled by the first SMART Manufacturing Unit, capped by the second and thirdly packaged to order. The Digital Twin will be used to analyze the performance of the SMART Manufacturing Units connected in a production line. This performance can then be used as an estimation of how well the physical production line can hope to perform and give an indication of time to market. Β© 2019 IEEE.
publications-5413 Conference paper 2020 Xiangdong X.; Bo L.; Jiannan G. Asset management of oil and gas pipeline system Based on Digital Twin IFAC-PapersOnLine 10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.04.163 With the rapid development of IT technologies, digital transformation is reshaping the world in multiple scales. Digital Twin, as an important enabling technology and driving force of digital transformation, has been widely used in various fields, which has played a good exemplary role in the application and development of digital twin technology in the pipeline industry. This paper discusses the background, definition and framework of the digital twin in oil and gas pipeline system, analyzes the existing problems in pipeline asset management and equipment asset management, and analyzes the application prospect of digital twin in oil and gas pipeline asset management. In the end, it is pointed out that the construction of digital twin cannot be accomplished overnight. There is still a long way to go before it can be applied and popularized in the industry. Finally, it can help the safe, efficient and environmental protection operation of oil and gas pipeline network. Β© 2020 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.
publications-5414 Conference paper 2019 Alves R.G.; Souza G.; Maia R.F.; Tran A.L.H.; Kamienski C.; Soininen J.-P.; Aquino P.T.; Lima F. A digital twin for smart farming 2019 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, GHTC 2019 10.1109/GHTC46095.2019.9033075 This paper presents a digital twin in the agriculture domain by leveraging the technologies developed by Sensing Change and the Smart Water Management Platform projects. The Sensing Change project developed a soil probe whereas the SWAMP project is currently developing an Internet of Things platform for water management in farms. This paper leverages the technologies developed by those projects by building an initial digital environment to create a cyber-physical-system (CPS) so farmers can better understand the state of their farms regarding the use of resources and equipment. We conclude that our system can gather data from the soil probe and display its information in a dashboard which enables for further deployment of more soil probes and other monitoring and controlling devices to create a fully operating digital twin. Β© 2019 IEEE.
publications-5415 Article 2020 Shafiee M.E.; Rasekh A.; Sela L.; Preis A. Streaming Smart Meter Data Integration to Enable Dynamic Demand Assignment for Real-Time Hydraulic Simulation Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001221 Water distribution system models have long been widely used for design and planning purposes. Their application for supporting real-time operational decisions has been also gaining increasing interest over the past decade. Accurate end-user nodal demands are critical to the reliability of hydraulic simulations for real-time decision support. Conventionally, nodal demands are set to a handful of periodically updated ensembles of demand patterns, which cannot represent the vast heterogeneity and volatility of demands. With advances in metering technology, consumption data with unprecedentedly high temporal and spatial resolutions are available to water utilities on a real-time basis. A framework is developed here to create a dynamic demand assignment hydraulic model, in which consumption data are assigned to nodes to update the water network model with the streaming data from the data center and without interruption of the hydraulic simulation run. The developed framework is cloud-based and scalable, making it suitable for water distribution systems of all sizes. The framework modifies the core EPANET engine to directly assign updated demands in order to overcome current software limitations. The model is applied and demonstrated using a real-world case study in the US. The results show the importance of the real-time demand assignment for the reliability of hydraulic models for making real-time operational decisions and the realization of digital twins of water infrastructure systems. Β© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
publications-5416 Conference paper 2020 Alex J.; Hübner C.; Förster L. Planning, testing and commissioning of automation solutions for waste water treatment plants using simulation IFAC-PapersOnLine 10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1084 In Germany, the EU and worldwide, the demands placed on wastewater treatment plants in terms of energy efficiency, cleaning performance, operational reliability and minimization of operating costs continue to grow. This results in an increasing demand for automation solutions with high quality requirements that are well integrated with process engineering and equipment specification. Integrated planning of automation technology in combination with mechanical equipment and process engineering requires the use of simulation tools in planning. A once existing simulation model of a plant can then not only be used for planning and optimization, but also for further questions about the life cycle of the plant. The automation concept simulated during the planning can be used, for example, as a precise requirement specification for the programming of the automation. A powerful application scenario is the virtual commissioning of the automation system. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.
publications-5417 Conference paper 2018 Taranenko P.; Telegin D.; Yaushev A. Development of a Digital Twin of the Mechanical Part of Coriolis Flowmeters Based on Frequency Response Functions Proceedings - 2018 Global Smart Industry Conference, GloSIC 2018 10.1109/GloSIC.2018.8570072 Mathematical (virtual) models allow researchers to predict the change in the sensor readings of a Coriolis flowmeter when changing external factors. However, to develop accurate models it is necessary to take into account the mass and geometry imperfections of a real construction, which have a random distribution and which are almost impossible to measure. In this paper, we consider a mathematical model of the Coriolis flowmeter based on frequency response functions available from experiments. Using this model, we obtained a response of pick-off coils at the excitation from the drive coil with the predetermined frequency. Three models of the Coriolis flowmeter were derived: with empty tubes; with tubes filled with water; with fluid flow at a constant mass flow rate. Β© 2018 IEEE.
publications-5418 Conference paper 2019 Ahmed A.; Zulfiqar S.; Ghandar A.; Chen Y.; Hanai M.; Theodoropoulos G. Digital Twin Technology for Aquaponics: Towards Optimizing Food Production with Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems Communications in Computer and Information Science 10.1007/978-981-15-1078-6_1 Aquaponics, or recirculating aquaculture production systems, harness the symbiotic relationship between plants and fish for food production. A large quantity of fish can be raised in a small volume of water by the effect of plants in removing toxic waste products excreted by fish; in turn the waste is broken down by microbial activity to obtain concentrated nutrients for intensive plant/crop growing. The concentration of nutrients generated is similar to hydroponic nutrient solutions. Water is conserved in the integrated process and may be reused. In this paper we consider an approach comprising self-contained aquaponics production units each of which is a closed system where the balance of fish stock and plants is monitored and controlled automatically. We provide empirical results of a simulation and a physical implementation. The design involves an online virtual production unit implemented with a simulation that is updated with data from the real system (a dynamic data driven application system). The virtual unit anticipates the performance of the real system and enabling what if analysis and optimization of the behavior of the whole system: for example to maximize production, minimize waste, conserve water and other resources, meet quality standards, and other production goals. Β© 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
publications-5419 Article 2019 Tahmasebinia F.; Fogerty D.; Wu L.O.; Li Z.; Sepasgozar S.M.E.; Zhang K.; Sepasgozar S.; Marroquin F.A. Numerical analysis of the creep and shrinkage experienced in the Sydney Opera House and the rise of digital twin as future monitoring technology Buildings 10.3390/BUILDINGS9060137 This paper presents a preliminary finite element model in Strand7 software to analyse creep and shrinkage effects on the prestressed concrete ribs of the Sydney Opera House as remarkable heritage. A linear static analysis was performed to investigate the instantaneous impacts of dead and wind loads on the complex concrete structure which was completed in 1973. A quasistatic analysis was performed to predict the effects of creep and shrinkage due to dead load on the structure in 2050 to discern its longevity. In 2050, the Sydney Opera House is expected to experience 0.090% element strain due to creep and shrinkage and therefore suffer prestress losses of 32.59 kN per strand. However, given that the current time after prestress loading is approximately 50 years, the majority of creep and shrinkage effects have already taken place with 0.088% strain and 32.12 kN of prestress losses. The analysis concludes that very minor structural impacts are expected over the next 30 years due to creep and shrinkage, suggesting a change in conservation focus from large structural concerns to inspection and maintenance of minor issues of surface cracking and water ingress. The analysis is the first step in the application of more complex finite element modelling of the structure with the integration of complex building information models. The main motivation to undertake the current numerical simulation is to determine a cost-effective solution when it comes to the long-term time-dependent analysis. The paper also will suggest future directions for monitoring unique historical buildings, including 'digital twin'. Β© 2019 by the authors.
publications-5420 Conference paper 2020 Del Prete E.; Pera F.; Faramondi L.; Fioravanti C.; Guarino S.; Oliva G.; Setola R. Anomaly and attack detection in supervisory control networks for cyber-physical systems Proceedings of the 30th European Safety and Reliability Conference and the 15th Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference 10.3850/978-981-14-8593-0_4315-cd As shown by recent episodes such as STUXNET or TRITON, supervisory networks in charge to control Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are prone to cyber-attacks that could potentially cause physical consequences in terms of disruption of the operational continuity (e.g., physical disruption of equipment) or in terms of safety of workers and their environment (e.g., waste water leakage or release of toxic gases). Traditional intrusion or anomaly detection systems have proven to be effective in detecting classical attack patterns but may fail to identify cyber-attacks that exploit the physical characteristics of the CPS. In this view, even a situation/configuration that is formally correct (e.g., the tank level below the upper limit) may become an anomaly depending on the physical condition and the dynamics of the process. In order to spot sophisticated attacks, it is mandatory to consider the dynamics of the physical system being controlled. Actually, this is the scope of this paper, where we show that considering a digital twin (i.e., a real-time simulation of the physical process) can be quite beneficial for the identification of some types of cyber-attacks but it is vulnerable to smart stealth threats. The proposed approach is validated with respect to a test bed environment featuring a small-scale hardware simulator of a water distribution network, a control network and a SCADA system. Β© ESREL2020-PSAM15 Organizers.Published by Research Publishing, Singapore.