Scientific Results

This catalogue is obtained by conducting a systematic literature review of scientific studies and reviews related to monitoring, forecasting, and simulating the inland water cycle. The analysis maps scientific expertise across research groups and classifies findings by the type of inland water studied, application focus, and geographical scope. A gap analysis will identify missing research areas and assess their relevance to policymaking.

ID â–² Type Year Authors Title Venue/Journal DOI Research type Water System Technical Focus Abstract Link with Projects Link with Tools Related policies ID
publications-5381 Conference paper 2021 Shahreyar N.; Butler B.; Corona G. Maximizing Asset Value & Field Recovery with Advanced Completion Solutions - A Digital Twin Field Case Study with Multilateral, Intelligent Completion, and AICD Completion Technologies Society of Petroleum Engineers - Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, ADIP 2021 10.2118/208180-MS The drilling and completion of multilateral wells continues to expand and advance within the oil industry after three decades of accelerating adoption. The performance of these wells can be increased when integrated with advanced well completion techniques. The addition of intelligent completions (IC) and inflow control devices (ICD/AICD) enhances well performance and improves field recovery. This paper discusses a reservoir simulation case study that evaluates the productive impact these technologies provide when combined with multilateral technology (MLT), and the mechanism by which they achieve it. A reservoir model is devised and simulates under dynamic reservoir conditions the field production of dual lateral and single bore horizontal wells. The simulation is conducted for three separate scenarios where AICD and IC are incrementally implemented. The results are compared across the scenarios and their value quantified. The mechanisms by which estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) is increased will be discussed, including the increase of reservoir contact, drawdown distribution optimization, and the control and delay of water production. The study will provide an overview on the theory behind the technologies. It will also review the workflow used to conduct the study, utilizing a combination of steady state nodal analysis software and dynamic reservoir simulation software. Additional information about the reservoir model, initial and boundary conditions are detailed, to provide insight into reservoir simulation methodology. Β© Copyright 2021, Society of Petroleum Engineers
publications-5382 Article 2021 Gong H.; Rooney T.; Akeyo O.M.; Branecky B.T.; Ionel D.M. Equivalent Electric and Heat-Pump Water Heater Models for Aggregated Community-Level Demand Response Virtual Power Plant Controls IEEE Access 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3119581 Advanced control techniques may be used to establish a virtual power plant to regulate the operation of electric water heaters, which may be regarded as a 'uni-directional battery' and a major component of a hybrid residential energy storage system. In order to estimate the potential of regulating water heaters at the aggregated level, factors including user behavior, number of water heaters, and types of water heaters must be considered. This study develops generic water heater load curves based on the data retrieved from large experimental projects for resistive electric water heaters (EWHs) and heat pump water heaters (HPWHs). A community-level digital twin with scalability has been developed to capture the aggregated hot water flow and average hot temperature in the tank. The results in this paper also include the 'energy take' in line with the CTA-2045 standard and Energy Star specification. The data from the experiments demonstrated that changing from an EWH to an HPWH reduces electricity usage by approximately 70%. The case study showed that daily electricity usage could be shifted by approximately 14% and 17% by EWH and HPWHs, respectively, compared to their corresponding average power. Another case study showed that both EHWs and HPWHs, coordinated with PV to reduce morning and evening peaks, could shift approximately 22% of the daily electricity. Β© 2013 IEEE.
publications-5383 Article 2021 Krechetnikov V.V.; Titov I.E.; Karpenko E.I.; Solomatin V.M. Development of the digital twin to assess current radioecological situation inside the 30-km zone in the area of Pilot demonstration energy complex (PDEC) siting Radiation and Risk 10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-68-79 The development of the digital twin for the assessment of current radioecological situation is consid-ered in the paper. For the twin development data of comprehensive radioecological survey in the area of the Pilot demonstration energy complex (PDEC) siting were used. The twin was developed with the use of the ArcMap 10.5 software module, the part of the ArcGis package. The digital twin is a virtual model that describes the real-time radioecological situation inside the 30-km zone of the nuclear object influence using a set of mathematical models and maps. The twin contains information on radionuclides and heavy metals content in the environment, radiation doses to humans and biota. The data contained in the twin were used for preparing and publishing the atlas of the radioecological situation in the 30-km zone of PDEC influence. The results obtained can be used for radiological safety assessment and optimization of radiation monitoring programs for PDEC. Β© 2021 National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. All rights reserved.
publications-5384 Article 2021 Abdi F.; Eftekharian A.; Huang D.; Rebak R.B.; Rahmane M.; Sundararaghavan V.; Kanyuck A.; Gupta S.K.; Arul S.; Jain V.; Hu Y.; Nikbin K. Grain boundary engineering of new additive manufactured polycrystalline alloys Forces in Mechanics 10.1016/j.finmec.2021.100033 A novel idea to create new alloys for Additive manufacturing (AM) by mixing a small addition of nanoparticles with bulk material was put forward. Integrated Computational Material Engineering (ICME) may be used to guide the AM process, predict thermal behaviour, optimize process parameters, secure net-shape, and qualify parts. Modelling is needed to predict the effect of defects and the effect of inclusions on mechanical properties, build quality and in-service performance. ICME can reduce trial-and-error fabrication and establish an AM digital twin, thereby accelerating part qualification and AM adoption. AM creates complex thermal processes which impact material microstructure and result in changes to mechanical properties in terms of strength and plasticity. In this study, Grain-Boundary Engineering (GBE) and multi-scale modelling are performed to expedite qualification of new and existing AM polycrystalline alloys. AM parts exhibit cracks, low toughness, low plasticity, and high residual stresses. To mitigate these characteristics, a methodology for GBE and microstructural control was developed. Depending on part requirements a low angle, coincident site lattice, or high angle grain boundary (LAGB,CSL, HAGB) might be the preferred option. For example, HAGB occurs in equiaxed grain microstructure, prevents precipitation and crystallization formation, and inhibits cracks and corrosion. Some polycrystalline materials may be non-weldable and exhibit cracks. Microstructural control can be used to address this phenomenon. AM offers unique advantages over casting, including material composition change and unique thermal processing. By utilizing nano-inclusions, cracks may be mitigated and AM parts improved. ICME physics-based approach is used to implement GBE modelling to improve the microstructure of an AM polycrystalline material from Equiaxed/HAGB to LAGB and CSL considering nano-scale inclusions. The ICME tool integrates meltpool engineering; thermal transport; nano-micro-mechanics; material characterization; calibration and qualification; Voronoi-tessellation, finite element modelling, and design of experiment optimization. With this background, ICME predicts time-temperature transformation, thermal properties, process map, meltpool size, precipitation, porosity, and effects of nano inclusions. In this manner, ICME helps determine ideal AM machine parameters that secure qualified parts as a consequence of the AM process. In this study, mechanical properties and fracture toughness were validated against test. Predictions included creep, crack growth, and the effect of precipitates and voids under in-service crack growth behaviour. Stainless steel (SS316L) dog bones specimens were printed and stress relieved by air and water cooling supported by fractography and imaging. The objective of this effort was to develop technologies and processes in AM design and engineering that could predetermine the microstructure of AM parts. Future efforts will employ the tool to tailor grain boundaries to produce predictable mechanical properties - including mode of failure. Β© 2021
publications-5385 Article 2020 Nikolopoulos L.; Boulougouris E. A novel method for the holistic, simulation driven ship design optimization under uncertainty in the big data era Ocean Engineering 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107634 The changing fuel costs, tough and volatile market conditions, the constant societal pressure for a Β«greenΒ» environmental footprint combined with ever demanding international safety regulations setup a completely new framework for commercial ship design. Ballast Water Treatment Systems, the ambitious IMO agenda for de-carbonization of shipping by 2050, the Goal Based Standards and most importantly the revision of the IMO MARPOL Annex VI, constitute a framework with strict and often contradicting requirements. On the other hand, the global economic uncertainty, rapid fleet growth and unsteady demand of commodities create a volatile economic operating environment for shipping companies. Ship design needs to adapt to this new reality. Holistic approaches, with lifecycle considerations, aiming at robust designs are deemed necessary. Such a methodology is presented herein. It is built within the software CAESES and is consisted by a geometrical model core with several integrated modules that cover stability, strength, powering and propulsion, safety, economics, as well as an operation simulation module, enabling the user to simulate the response in variations of the geometrical, design variables of the vessel under uncertainty. The latter is captured in several levels including Economic, Environmental, Operational uncertainty as well as the inaccuracy of the methods themselves. Β© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
publications-5386 Article 2020 Sun C.; Puig V.; Cembrano G. Real-time control of urban water cycle under cyber-physical systems framework Water (Switzerland) 10.3390/w12020406 The urban water cycle (UWC), which is composed of the water supply system (WSS) and urban drainage system (UDS), is a critical infrastructure required for the functioning of urban society. Considering the growing pollution and subsequent water scarcity caused by increasing urbanization and climate change, efficient UWC management is required to maintain resource sustainability and environmental protection. Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) provide a technological suite for the efficient management of critical systems. To exploit advantages of CPS for UWC, this paper proposes a CPS-based management framework enabling supervision, subsystem interoperability, and integrated optimization of UWC: (1) Firstly, clear definitions are provided to demonstrate that UWC systems can be considered as CPSs. (2) A multi-layer CPS-based supervision framework is presented afterwards, conceptually dividing the physical UWC and its digital counterpart into Supervision&Control, Scheduling, Digital Twin, and Water Users and Environment four layers. (3) The information flows that interact with each layer, as well as a key aspect of CSP operation, namely the interoperability among subsystems in the context of UWC, are also addressed. (4) To demonstrate advantages of supervision and interoperability of subsystems under the CPS framework, an integrated optimizer based on model predictive control (MPC) is applied and compared against the individual control of each system. A real case study of the WSS and UDS in Barcelona UWC is applied in order to validate the proposed approaches through virtual reality simulations based on MATLAB/SIMULIN and EPA-SWMM. Β© 2020 by the authors.
publications-5387 Conference paper 2019 Sugumar G.; Mathur A. Assessment of a method for detecting process anomalies using digital-twinning Proceedings - 2019 15th European Dependable Computing Conference, EDCC 2019 10.1109/EDCC.2019.00031 Several methods exist for detecting process anomalies resulting from cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure. The assessment of such methods could be conducted using simulation or directly on a realistic operational testbed. While the results of an assessment on a testbed may be more authentic than those carried out using simulation, conducting such experiments is fraught with challenges such as the time required to set up and launch attacks thus limiting the variety and number of attacks launched. To overcome such limitations, while maintaining the reliability of the outcome of the assessment, an approach based on timed automata models of a critical infrastructure was investigated. The investigation involved development of a digital twin for a 6-stage water treatment plant. A design-centric anomaly detection method, as well as an attack launcher, were integrated with the model and experiments were performed. The outcome of this investigation reveals the value of the proposed approach in rapid assessment of a design-centric anomaly detection method. Β© 2019 IEEE.
publications-5388 Article 2020 Wei Z.; Pagani A.; Fu G.; Guymer I.; Chen W.; McCann J.; Guo W. Optimal Sampling of Water Distribution Network Dynamics Using Graph Fourier Transform IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering 10.1109/TNSE.2019.2941834 Water distribution networks are critical infrastructures under threat from the accidental or intentional release of contaminants. Large-scale data collection is vital for digital twin modelling, but remains challenging in underground spaces over vast areas. Therefore, inferring the contaminant spread process with minimal sensor data is important. Existing sensor deployment optimisation approaches use scenario-based numerical optimisation, but suffer from scalability issues and lack performance guarantees. Analytical graph theoretic approaches link complex network topology (e.g. Laplacian spectra) to optimal sensing locations, but neglect the complex fluid dynamics. Alternative data-driven approaches such as compressed sensing offer limited sample node reduction. In this work, we introduce a novel data-driven Graph Fourier Transform that exploits the low-rank property of networked dynamics to optimally sample WDNs. The proposed GFT guarantees error free recovery of network dynamics and offers attractive compression and scaling improvements over existing numerical optimisation, compressed sensing, and graph theoretic approaches. By testing on 100 different contaminant propagation data sets, the proposed scheme shows that, on average, with nearly 30% of the junctions monitored, we are able to fully recover the networked dynamics. The framework is useful for other monitoring applications of WDNs and can be applied to a variety of infrastructure sensing for digital twin modelling. Β© 2013 IEEE.
publications-5389 Conference paper 2020 Mahalingam S.; Arsalan M. Using digital twin of coriolis meters for multiphase flow measurement Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference 10.4043/30587-ms Multiphase flow meters are often built based on one or many single-phase flow metering technologies.Following the trend, Coriolis meters are being increasingly used in upstream applications in conjunctionwith an independent water cut meter to measure multiphase flow. Coriolis meters are well-known for fiscalmetering applications as they offer unparalleled accuracy without having to input detailed information onthe fluid being metered. They offer two distinct measurements: Density, and mass flow rate, which is oftennot possible with other metering technologies. Subsequently, under multiphase flow, the biggest problemwith liquid Coriolis meters is their tendency to stall when large amounts of gas flows through them. Manymanufacturers over the last 10 years have developed techniques to adjust the drive gain to enhance the abilityof these meters to handle increasing amounts of gas. There have also been several developments in usingadvanced signal processing and machine learning methods to help the meters to self-calibrate and correctfor the presence of gas. These methods range from a simple error analysis on certain raw measurements tomore sophisticated "Digital Twin" based concepts to simulate the behavior of the Coriolis meter internally.The paper describes the concept of "Digital Twin" in detail and outlines the reasons for the superiority ofsuch an approach. Β© 2020, Offshore Technology Conference.
publications-5390 Book chapter 2019 Curry E.; Derguech W.; Hasan S.; Kouroupetroglou C.; ul Hassan U.; Fabritius W. Building Internet of Things-Enabled Digital Twins and Intelligent Applications Using a Real-time Linked Dataspace Real-time Linked Dataspaces: Enabling Data Ecosystems for Intelligent Systems 10.1007/978-3-030-29665-0_16 Smart environments have emerged in the form of smart cities, smart buildings, smart energy, smart water, and smart mobility. A key challenge in delivering smart environments is creating intelligent applications for end-users using the new digital infrastructures within the environment. In this chapter, we reflect on the experience of developing Internet of Things-based digital twins and intelligent applications within five different smart environments from an airport to a school. The goal has been to engage users within Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart environments to increase water and energy awareness, management, and conservation. The chapter covers the role of a Real-time Linked Dataspace to enable the creation of digital twins, and an evaluation of intelligent applications. Β© The Author(s) 2020.