Scientific Results

This catalogue is obtained by conducting a systematic literature review of scientific studies and reviews related to monitoring, forecasting, and simulating the inland water cycle. The analysis maps scientific expertise across research groups and classifies findings by the type of inland water studied, application focus, and geographical scope. A gap analysis will identify missing research areas and assess their relevance to policymaking.

ID ▲ Type Year Authors Title Venue/Journal DOI Research type Water System Technical Focus Abstract Link with Projects Link with Tools Related policies ID
publications-5371 Conference paper 2021 Jin Y.; Zheng Y.; Yiew L.J.; Magee A.R. Development of a real-time simulation model for an ASD TUG Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE 10.1115/OMAE2021-63052 A hydrodynamic digital twin of vessel can be used to replicate the behaviour and response of the vessel in a virtual environment. In this paper, a real-time simulation model (RTSM) for an azimuth stern-drive (ASD) tug has been developed for simulating the hydrodynamic performance of the vessel under a range of environmental conditions. Based on the framework of a 4-DoF MMG manoeuvring model, the RTSM comprises manoeuvring, propulsion and environmental loads which are parameterised using numerical results from a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling work, including virtual planar motion mechanism (vPMM), seakeeping analysis, wind drag prediction and propulsion modelling. The RTSM is used to demonstrate the manoeuvrability of the vessel in calm water and under external loads from waves, winds and currents. Copyright Β© 2021 by ASME
publications-5372 Review 2021 Zhang S.; Jiang P.; Wu Z. Advances in research of lean construction technology of integrated design and construction for hydropower projects: Exploration of digital twin application mode; [水电工程设计施工一体ε_x008c_–η²Ύη›_x008a_ε»Ίι€ ζ_x008a_€ζ_x009c_―η ”η©¶θΏ›ε±•-ζ•°ε­—ε­η”_x009f_应用模εΌ_x008f_ζ_x008e_Άη΄Ά] Shuili Fadian Xuebao/Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering 10.11660/slfdxb.20210101 With popularization and application of the project general contracting model in the water conservancy and hydropower industry, the integrated design and construction model led by design has become an effective means of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, unified management, and scientific decision-making. This paper reviews the recent advances inthe research of general contracting models, design models, construction models, and design and construction collaboration models for the water conservancy and hydropower industry inChina and overseas; and clarifies the current pain points of this industry and its major bottlenecks in developingand implementing such integrated models. We investigatethe key roles and concept of applying the informatization technologyforefront, deepening technological innovation and practice, and adopting the top-down design and lean construction modelsin solving the existing problems of low design optimization efficiency in design and construction integration, cumbersome mutual feedback of design and construction information, and low level of intelligent construction. To further develop this concept, taking the digital twin technology as a basic application framework for the future, we expound key research directions for further research, and suggest how topromote the integrated design and construction in hydropower developmentand overcome the shortcomings in water conservancy informatization. Β© 2021, Tsinghua University Press. All right reserved.
publications-5373 Article 2021 Ghandar A.; Ahmed A.; Zulfiqar S.; Hua Z.; Hanai M.; Theodoropoulos G. A decision support system for urban agriculture using digital twin: A case study with aquaponics IEEE Access 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3061722 There are many pressures on the global food system such as urbanization, climate change, and environmental degradation. Urban agriculture is an approach to producing food inside cities where, globally, more than half the worlds population live. It has been shown to have a range of potential benefits, for instance in reducing waste and logistics costs. Increased uptake of urban farming can even relieve pressure on the natural environment by reducing the burden of production required from farmland by creating space for it to recover from accumulated damage as a result of the use of unsustainable farming practices historically. This article describes an approach for a new type of decision support system suitable for urban farming production. We discuss differences between the requirements and the users of decision support in urban agriculture, and those of ordinary agribusiness enterprises. A case study is performed using a novel technology for urban farming: a cyber-physical implementation of aquaponics is enhanced with adaptive capabilities using a digital twin system and machine learning. Aquaponics is a farming technique that utilizes a harmonious nutrient exchange cycle for growing plants and fish together, while conserving water, and possibly without the need for soil or even sunlight. Empirical results are provided that evaluate the use of data driven decision analytics and a digital twin model to plan production from the aquaponic system during a three month trial. Another set of results evaluate a proposed modelling framework for large scale urban agriculture ecosystems. This concept forms the basis of the suggested approach for an urban farming decision support system that coordinates the activities of many independent producers to target collective goals. Β© 2013 IEEE.
publications-5374 Article 2021 Mao J.; Dong Y.; Lu J.; Li Y.; Zhang H.; Xie M.; Wu X.; Liu Z.; Wang H.; Tian B. Research status and prospect of advanced technology of roadway excavation cutting and drilling equipment; [巷道ζ_x008e_˜θΏ›ζˆ割钻进先进ζ_x008a_€ζ_x009c_―η ”η©¶η_x008e_°η_x008a_¶ε_x008f__x008a_展ζ_x009c_›] Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.JJ21.0887 In order to respond to the development of intelligent coal mine, and to improve the status quo of intel-lectualized and unmanned development of fully mechanized heading face lagging behind the comprehensive mining face, four advanced technologies of cutting and drilling equipment, namely, self-determination directional cutting, autonomous cruise of driving equipment, health management technology of roadheader and intelligent cooperative control technology of multi-machine and multi-process, are proposed and the research direction is given. Aiming at the technology of autonomous and qualitative directional cutting of drivage equipment, this paper studies the influence law of cutting track planning of different drivage equipment, the effect of vibration characteristics of fuselage on the track error of cutting head and the analysis method of roof stability of roadway under different drivage speeds. The control of self-determination and directional cutting of drivage equipment is realized by studying the technology of position and posture monitoring, constant power cutting and memory cutting. The digital twin virtual model of roadheader is constructed by data mining system, and the remote automatic cutting control of the roadheader is realized by using the virtual control platform of the roadheader. Through the environmental awareness technology of the roadway, the three-dimensional model of the roadway is constructed and the safety of the roadway is indicated. The 3D point cloud model of roadway is formed by laser scanning and many algorithms. The technologies of laser, communication, vision and inertia sensors are combined with each other, and the high-precision roadway perception can be realized by using a variety of fusion algorithms. The gas monitoring and water exploration are carried out by using the on-going measurement system. The technologies of visual perception, laser ranging, total station and ultra wideband positioning are integrated into the equipment positioning system of underground roadway, and the position and posture of roadheader in the roadway are monitored in real time. Based on the development of the health management technology of the roadheader, the shortcomings of the technology of the health management of the roadheader in three aspects of the technology of fault warning, fault diagnosis and life evaluation are summarized. In view of the challenges, the multi-source data fusion technology of monitoring information across time and space, the coupling mechanism between roadheader and cross-section rock stratum, emergency risk identification model and self-learning health management system are proposed as four scientific problems to be solved. Through the multi-sensor information fusion technology, the control methods of cutting unit and temporary support unit of heading system are studied. The analysis and processing of multi-source information and optimization strategy are analyzed. Taking the automatic cutting system and the advanced temporary support moving frame system as an example, the operation mechanism of multi-sensor information fusion is clarified. The technical difficulties of multi-process collaborative control and two key points to be solved for achieving this goal are presented. Β© 2021, Editorial Office of Journal of China Coal Society. All right reserved.
publications-5375 Book chapter 2021 Carvalho W.O. BIM and AM to Manage Critical and Relevant Water and Wastewater Utilities Assets Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 10.1007/978-3-030-51295-8_49 Global Water and Sewage Utilities must manage a wide variety of essential infrastructure assets while meeting complex social and environmental challenges, and this is especially true in Brazil, where according to SNIS Institute only 53% of the population has sewerage coverage and 17% still does not have access to treated water [16]. The Brazilian government’s new regulatory sanitation framework [3] was approved in December 2019, establishing goals to accelerate water and sewerage coverage, stimulating private investors either to build new or to operate existing plants. However, the asset inventory handover process from the public to the private sector is unstructured, causing numerous operational and maintenance challenges to new operators and investors. This paper presents the digital transformation framework applied in Aegea, a private group of water and sewage utilities in Brazil, aiming to meet in a sustainable way a social, environmental and financial value (SLO - Social License to Operate) [15] by combining Building Information Modelling (BIM) [17] and Asset Management (AM) [8] disciplines. Aegea’s integrated approach, β€_x009c_Infra Inteligenteβ€_x009d_ (Infra), introduces intelligent 3D models of Water and Sanitation business. The 3D business representations trigger the Digital Twin in unrivaled data and analytics visualization within a virtual reality environment supporting the organization to take strategic and tactical decisions to do the maintenance and operations of the inherited plants. By switching from reactive to proactive maintenance it will save millions of Brazilian Reais, extending the life of critical system assets and prevent the operation team from dealing with frequent and unpredictable equipment breakdowns. Β© 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
publications-5376 Review 2021 Wang H.; Huang H.; Bi W.; Ji G.; Zhou B.; Zhuo L. Deep and ultra-deep oil/gas well drilling technologies: Progress and prospect; [ζ·±δΊ•θ¶…ζ·±δΊ•ζ²Ήζ°”ι’»δΊ•ζ_x008a_€ζ_x009c_―进展δΈ_x008e_展ζ_x009c_›] Natural Gas Industry 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2021.08.015 In the period of "13th Five-Year Plan", domestic deep and ultra-deep oil/gas well drilling technologies were developed quickly and a great number of technological achievements were obtained by means of continuous researches, including: (1) high-end devices, such as automatic drilling rig, managed pressure drilling, logging, cementing and completion technology, high-torque top drive system, and deep-well coiled tubing operation unit; (2) advanced tools, such as vertical drilling tool, non-planar tooth bit, high-strength expandable tubular, high-temperature, high-torque and long-life screw rod, torsion impact tool, synergistic damping based rock breaking tool, measurement while drilling tool, and safety monitoring tool; (3) core additives, such as temperature-resistance high-density oil based drilling fluid, high-performance water based drilling fluid, ductile cement slurry, and self-healing cement slurry; (4) life-cycle wellbore integrity technology system. Nevertheless, oil and gas well drilling and completion still faces severe challenges, including deep (great burial depth), steep (large formation dip), narrow (narrow pressure window), thick (thick gravel layer, salt bed and other complex intervals), difficult (complex multi-pressure system, abundant complex accidents and poor drillability) and high (high temperature, high pressure and high acid). Facing these challenges, the following suggestions are proposed. The key to the oil and gas reserve and production increase during the 14th Five-Year Plan and afterwards is till deep and ultra-deep layers. And it is necessary to focus on above mentioned geological difficulties to research key core technologies, such as automatic and intelligent drilling equipment, ultra-high temperature wellbore working fluid, pre-exploration while drilling and digital twin well construction, so as to realize the iterative upgrading of traditional superior technologies and improve the ability to drill deep and ultra-deep wells safely, quickly and optimally. In conclusion, during the 13th Five-Year Plan, China exceeded America in the number of ultra-deep wells for the first time and its well depth stepped up to a new stage of 8 000 m, which plays an important role in supporting the development of deep oil and gas exploration and development and improving the market competitiveness of drilling and completion. Β© 2021, Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency. All right reserved.
publications-5377 Conference paper 2021 Cardillo Albarrán J.; Chacón Ramírez E.; Cruz Salazar L.A.; Paredes Astudillo Y.A. Digital Twin in Water Supply Systems to Industry 4.0: The Holonic Production Unit Studies in Computational Intelligence 10.1007/978-3-030-80906-5_4 Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and Digital Twin (DT) bring together new disruptive technologies, increasing manufacturing productivity. Indeed, the control of production processes is fast becoming a key driver for smart manufacturing operations based on I4.0 and DT. In this connection, intelligent control such as the Holonic Manufacturing Systems (HMS) generates distributed or semi-heterarchical architectures to improve both global efficiency and manufacturing operations’ reactiveness. Still, previous studies and HMS applications often have not dealt with continuous production processes, such as water treatment applications, because of the complexity of continuous production (a single fault can degrade extensively and can even cause a breakdown of production). This work describes a HMS architecture applied to continuous systems, based on Holonic Production Units (HPU). This unit’s cognitive model allows building a DT of the unit employing a hybrid dynamic system. This HMS detects events within the environment through a DT, evaluating various courses of action, and changing the parameters aligned to a mission. The DT was created by a simulated model of a water supply system, considering three scenarios: normal condition and two disrupted scenarios (the unexpected increase of demand and water quality degradation). The experiments apply agent-based modelling software to simulate the communication and decision-making features of the HPU. The results suggest that the construction of a holarchy with heterogeneous holons is potentially able to fulfil I4.0 requirements by DT of a WSS. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
publications-5378 Conference paper 2020 Choi T.; Bai G.; Ko R.K.L.; Dong N.; Zhang W.; Wang S. An analytics framework for heuristic inference attacks against industrial control systems Proceedings - 2020 IEEE 19th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, TrustCom 2020 10.1109/TrustCom50675.2020.00112 Industrial control systems (ICS) of critical infrastructure are increasingly connected to the Internet for remote site management at scale. However, cyber attacks against ICS - especially at the communication channels between human-machine interface (HMIs) and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) - are increasing at a rate which outstrips the rate of mitigation. In this paper, we introduce a vendor-agnostic analytics framework which allows security researchers to analyse attacks against ICS systems, even if the researchers have zero control automation domain knowledge or are faced with a myriad of heterogenous ICS systems. Unlike existing works that require expertise in domain knowledge and specialised tool usage, our analytics framework does not require prior knowledge about ICS communication protocols, PLCs, and expertise of any network penetration testing tool. Using 'digital twin' scenarios comprising industry-representative HMIs, PLCs and firewalls in our test lab, our framework's steps were demonstrated to successfully implement a stealthy deception attack based on false data injection attacks (FDIA). Furthermore, our framework also demonstrated the relative ease of attack dataset collection, and the ability to leverage well-known penetration testing tools. We also introduce the concept of 'heuristic inference attacks', a new family of attack types on ICS which is agnostic to PLC and HMI brands/models commonly deployed in ICS. Our experiments were also validated on a separate ICS dataset collected from a cyber-physical scenario of water utilities. Finally, we utilized time complexity theory to estimate the difficulty for the attacker to conduct the proposed packet analyses, and recommended countermeasures based on our findings. Β© 2020 IEEE.
publications-5379 Conference paper 2021 Saratha S.D.C.; Grimm C.; Wawrzik F. A digital twin with runtime-verification for industrial development-operation integration 2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation, ICE/ITMC 2021 - Proceedings 10.1109/ICE/ITMC52061.2021.9570222 This paper gives an overview of a data model of a digital twin for industrial development-operation integration (DevOps). The data model structures the models from development and links it with data from operation. The models from development are represented by ontologies that describe the functional decomposition in parts and associated properties. The properties are linked with symbolic reachability information that is created during development. This can be used as a basis for runtime verification. The approach is demonstrated by a water level monitor example. Β© 2021 IEEE.
publications-5380 Conference paper 2021 Sorokin V.S.; Gudoshnikov A.S.; Nyunyaykin D.V.; Kochenkov A.A.; Sethuraman P.; Barysheva S.; Lipanin D.S.; Mokrev A.A.; Vukolov S.A.; Ardalin A.A. Production optimiser pilot for the large artificially-lifted and mature samotlor oil field Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference 2021, RPTC 2021 10.2118/SPE-206517-MS This paper describes a production optimiser Pilot, developed by Rosneft/Samotlorneftegaz, with support from bp and deployed in JSC Samotlorneftegaz - a vast, mature, water-flooded, high water-cut and artificially-lifted oil field. Objectives include creating a digital twin for a sub-system of 600 wells and ~180 km of pipeline network, applying discrete, continuous and constrained optimisation techniques to maximise production, developing sustainable deployment workflows, implementing optimiser recommendations in the field and tracking incremental value realisation. This proof-of-concept Pilot and field trial approach was adopted to understand the optimisation technology capability and work-flow sustainability, prior to a field-wide roll-out. The periodic optimisation activity workflows include the creation of a "Digital Twin", a validated surface infrastructure model that is fully calibrated to mimic field performance, followed by performing optimisation that includes all the relevant constraints. Optimisation was trialled using two different classes of algorithms – based on sequential-modular and equation-oriented techniques. This strategy minimises optimisation failure risks and highlights potential performance issues for such large-scale systems. Optimiser recommendations were consolidated, field-implemented and values tracked. The optimiser Pilot development was undertaken during the fourth quarter of 2019. The delivered minimum viable product and workflows were used for field trials during 2019-20 and continuously improved based on the learnings. Specialists from both bp and Rosneft, along with three consulting organisations (1 in Russia and 2 in the UK) collaborated and worked as one-team to deliver the Pilot. Optimiser recommendations for maximising production include continuous and discrete decisions such as ESP frequency changes, high water-cut well shut-ins and prioritised ESP lists for installing variable speed drives. Field production increase of 1% was achieved in 2020 and tracked. Enduring capabilities were built, and sustainable work-flows developed. Field-wide optimisation for Samotlorneftegaz is non-trivial due to the sheer size, with over 9,000 active wells and due to continuously transient operations arising from frequent well-work, well shut-in's, new well delivery, pipeline modifications and cyclic mode of operations in some wells. This Pilot has provided assurance for the optimisation technical feasibility and workflow sustainability. A second Pilot of similar complexity but with different pressure-flow system response is planned. The combined results will help to decide about the full-field roll-out for this vast field, which is anticipated to deliver around 1% of additional production. This Pilot has demonstrated the applicability of discrete and continuous variable constrained optimisation techniques to large-scale production networks, with very high well-count. Furthermore, the developed workflows for configuring and calibrating the digital twin have several unique components including automation of hydraulic network model generation from static data, well model build automation and fit-for-purpose automated well model calibration. Overall, the results of this approach demonstrate a viable and sustainable methodology to optimise large-scale oil production systems. Copyright 2021, Society of Petroleum Engineers.