| publications-4201 |
article |
2008 |
Schneider, Bernhard and Schneider, Bernhard |
The Reference Model SimPan Agent-Based Modelling of Human Behaviour in Panic Situations |
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10.1109/uksim.2008.107 |
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The reference model SimPan describes an agent-based modelling approach for human panic behaviour based upon established psychological theories and findings. The reference model perceives the human being as a psychosomatic, autonomous acting creature with cognitive capabilities that is embedded in a dynamic social environment. The occurrence of different patterns of human behaviour in panic situations is explained by a human's internal state being composed of physical, emotional, cognitive and social aspects. SimPan defines modelling solutions for common environmental, socio-psychological and behavioural phenomena in the context of panic situations, defines their interrelation and impact on an individual's internal state and integrates them into a comprehensive modelling approach. The set of considered phenomena contains physical pressure, crowding, social influence on emergence of emotion, attitude and action, but also the concept of emotional intelligence and the ability of consciously controlling emotion. The presented approach is interdisciplinary and touches on research areas in computer science and psychology. |
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| publications-4202 |
article |
2007 |
Fagiolo, Giorgio and Fagiolo, Giorgio and Moneta, Alessio and Moneta, Alessio and Windrum, Paul and Windrum, Paul |
A Critical Guide to Empirical Validation of Agent-Based Models in Economics: Methodologies, Procedures, and Open Problems |
Computing in Economics and Finance |
10.1007/s10614-007-9104-4 |
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This paper addresses the methodological problems of empirical validation in agent-based (AB) models in economics and how these are currently being tackled. We first identify a set of issues that are common to all modelers engaged in empirical validation. We then propose a novel taxonomy, which captures the relevant dimensions along which AB economics models differ. We argue that these dimensions affect the way in which empirical validation is carried out by AB modelers and we critically discuss the main alternative approaches to empirical validation being developed in AB economics. We conclude by focusing on a set of (as yet) unresolved issues for empirical validation that require future research. |
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| publications-4203 |
article |
2013 |
Nguyα»…n, Nga and Nguyen, Nam-Phong and Nguyen, Nga P. and Shortle, Jim and Shortle, J.S. and Shortle, J.S. and Shortle, James S. and Reed, Patrick M. and Reed, Patrick M. and Nguyα»…n, Trung ThΓ nh and Nguyen, T. T. |
Water quality trading with asymmetric information, uncertainty and transaction costs: A stochastic agent-based simulation |
Resource and Energy Economics |
10.1016/j.reseneeco.2012.09.002 |
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| publications-4204 |
article |
2005 |
Tidwell, Vincent Carroll and Tidwell, Vincent C. and Cooper, J.A. and Cooper, J. Arlin and Silva, Consuelo J. and Silva, Consuelo J. |
Threat Assessment of Water Supply Systems using Markov Latent Effects Modeling |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2005)131:3(218) |
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Recent amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act emphasize efforts toward safeguarding our nation's water supplies against attack and contamination. Specifically, the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 established requirements for each community water system serving more than 3,300 people to conduct an assessment of the vulnerability of its system to a terrorist attack or other intentional acts. Integral to evaluating system vulnerability is the threat assessment, which is the process by which the credibility of a threat is quantified. Unfortunately, full probabilistic assessment is generally not feasible, since there is insufficient experience and/or data to quantify the associated probabilities. For this reason, an alternative approach is proposed predicated on Markov latent effects (MLE) modeling, which provides a framework for quantifying imprecise subjective metrics through possibilistic or fuzzy mathematics. Here, the MLE approach is introduced and demonstrated within the context of water supply system threat assessment. |
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| publications-4205 |
article |
2015 |
Islam, Nilufar and Farahat, Ashraf and Al-Zahrani, Mohammad Abdullah M. and Rodriguez, Manuel J. and Sadiq, Rehan |
Contaminant intrusion in water distribution networks: review and proposal of an integrated model for decision making |
Environmental Reviews |
10.1139/er-2014-0069 |
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Contaminant intrusion in a distribution network (DN) refers to the entry of harmful chemicals and pathogens in the presence of three conditions: (i) the availability of a contaminant source near water mains; (ii) a pathway: leakage or breakage; and (iii) a driving force: low or negative pressure in the water main. The occurrence of contamination in a DN can take place frequently as there is no specific treatment at this stage except secondary disinfection. Contaminant intrusion requires as much attention as source water protection or treatment plants, particularly given that at this point, water is near the final stage prior to human consumption. Failure to detect and treat at this time could have potential negative impacts on consumers’ health. Following the September 11, 2001 attack, strict regulations are now enforced by the municipalities to monitor water quality within DNs. This review article focuses on various aspects of contaminant intrusion in DNs based on more than 90 journal articles, peer-revi... |
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| publications-4206 |
article |
2008 |
Blokker, Mirjam and Blokker, Mirjam and Blokker, E. J. M. and Vreeburg, J.H.G. and Vreeburg, J.H.G. and Vreeburg, Jan and Buchberger, Steven G. and Buchberger, Steven G. and Dijk, Judith and van Dijk, J. C. |
Importance of demand modelling in network water quality models: a review |
Drinking Water Engineering and Science |
10.5194/dwes-1-27-2008 |
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Today, there is a growing interest in network water quality modelling. The water quality issues of interest relate to both dissolved and particulate substances. For dissolved substances the main interest is in residual chlorine and (microbiological) contaminant propagation; for particulate substances it is in sediment leading to discolouration. There is a strong influence of flows and velocities on transport, mixing, production and decay of these substances in the network. This imposes a different approach to demand modelling which is reviewed in this article. For the large diameter lines that comprise the transport portion of a typical municipal pipe system, a skeletonised network model with a top-down approach of demand pattern allocation, a hydraulic time step of 1 h, and a pure advection-reaction water quality model will usually suffice. For the smaller diameter lines that comprise the distribution portion of a municipal pipe system, an all-pipes network model with a bottom-up approach of demand pattern allocation, a hydraulic time step of 1 min or less, and a water quality model that considers dispersion and transients may be needed. Demand models that provide stochastic residential demands per individual home and on a one-second time scale are available. A stochastic demands based network water quality model needs to be developed and validated with field measurements. Such a model will be probabilistic in nature and will offer a new perspective for assessing water quality in the drinking water distribution system. |
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| publications-4207 |
article |
2003 |
ArbuΓ©s, Fernando and ArbuΓ©s, Fernando and GarcΓaβ€ValiΓ±as, Maria A. and GarcΓa-ValiΓ±as, MarΓa A. and MartΓnezβ€EspiΓ±eira, Roberto and MartΓnez-EspiΓ±eira, Roberto |
Estimation of residential water demand: a state-of-the-art review |
Journal of Socio-economics |
10.1016/s1053-5357(03)00005-2 |
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| publications-4208 |
article |
2016 |
Oliker, Nurit and Oliker, Nurit and Ostfeld, Avi and Ostfeld, Avi |
Inclusion of Mobile Sensors in Water Distribution System Monitoring Operations |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000569 |
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AbstractThis study describes a binary integer programming model for mutually-operating fixed and mobile sensors in water distribution systems. The proposed method applies a deterministic optimization scheme for maximizing the monitored volume within network clusters. For a given budget, the model determines the ratio of mobile sensors to fixed sensors along with their placement and release strategies. Through assessing the benefit of placing each fixed sensor and the time and location of mobile sensors release, the combination of fixed and mobile sensors is determined. Utilizing mobile sensors for water quality monitoring is still in its infancy. Such sensors are equipped with self-powered sensing, sampling, data acquisition, and wireless transmission units. The model initiates with the combined operation of mobile and fixed sensors. It then explores the benefits of mobile sensors compared to fixed. The two battle of the water sensor networks (BWSN) are utilized for demonstrating the model’s capabilities.... |
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| publications-4209 |
article |
1994 |
Rossman, Lewis A. and Rossman, Lewis A. and Rossman, Lewis A. and Clark, Robert M. and Grayman, Walter M. |
Modeling Chlorine Residuals in Drinkingβ€Water Distribution Systems |
Journal of Environmental Engineering |
10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1994)120:4(803) |
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A massβ€transferβ€based model is developed for predicting chlorine decay in drinkingβ€water distribution networks. The model considers firstβ€order reactions of chlorine to occur both in the bulk flow and at the pipe wall. The overall rate of the wall reaction is a function of the rate of mass transfer of chlorine to the wall and is therefore dependent on pipe geometry and flow regime. The model can thus explain field observations that show higher chlorine decay rates associated with smaller pipe sizes and higher flow velocities. It has been incorporated into a computer program called EPANET that can perform dynamic waterβ€quality simulations on complex pipe networks. The model is applied to chlorine measurements taken at nine locations over 53 h from a portion of the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority's service area. Good agreement with observed chlorine levels is obtained at locations where the hydraulics are well characterized. The model should prove to be a valuable tool for managing chlori... |
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| publications-4210 |
article |
2013 |
Bristow, Elizabeth and Bristow, Elizabeth and Brumbelow, Kelly and Brumbelow, Kelly |
Simulation to Aid Disaster Planning and Mitigation: Tools and Techniques for Water Distribution Managers and Emergency Planners |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000283 |
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AbstractCommunities depend on increasingly complex critical infrastructures to meet residents’ daily needs and to facilitate emergency response. The potential for cascading failures could intensify the consequences of disasters and complicate the process of planning for effective emergency response. This article presents a methodology for conducting a vulnerability analysis based on simulation of water distribution’s role in emergency response under various complex-disaster scenarios in which incapacity of the water system is coupled with an urban fire. The analysis reported here was run on a virtual (but detailed and realistic) small-town water distribution system to permit candid discussion of the insights derived from the vulnerability analysis and to avoid disclosing the vulnerabilities of a real system. The analysis methodology presented may be adapted to fit the needs of real communities. The results of these simulations are used to demonstrate a procedure for designing and testing mitigation method... |
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