Scientific Results

This catalogue is obtained by conducting a systematic literature review of scientific studies and reviews related to monitoring, forecasting, and simulating the inland water cycle. The analysis maps scientific expertise across research groups and classifies findings by the type of inland water studied, application focus, and geographical scope. A gap analysis will identify missing research areas and assess their relevance to policymaking.

ID â–² Type Year Authors Title Venue/Journal DOI Research type Water System Technical Focus Abstract Link with Projects Link with Tools Related policies ID
publications-4431 article 2000 Albert, RΓ©ka and Jeong, Hawoong and BarabΓ΅si, Albert-LΓ΅szlΓ³ Error and attack tolerance of complex networks arXiv: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks 10.1038/35019019 Many complex systems, such as communication networks, display a surprising degree of robustness: while key components regularly malfunction, local failures rarely lead to the loss of the global information-carrying ability of the network. The stability of these complex systems is often attributed to the redundant wiring of the functional web defined by the systems' components. In this paper we demonstrate that error tolerance is not shared by all redundant systems, but it is displayed only by a class of inhomogeneously wired networks, called scale-free networks. We find that scale-free networks, describing a number of systems, such as the World Wide Web, Internet, social networks or a cell, display an unexpected degree of robustness, the ability of their nodes to communicate being unaffected by even unrealistically high failure rates. However, error tolerance comes at a high price: these networks are extremely vulnerable to attacks, i.e. to the selection and removal of a few nodes that play the most important role in assuring the network's connectivity.
publications-4432 article 2005 Kotz, C. and Kotz, C. and Hiessl, Harald and Hiessl, H. Analysis of system innovation in urban water infrastructure systems: an agent-based modelling approach Water Science & Technology: Water Supply 10.2166/ws.2005.0030 The conventional urban water infrastructure concept, as it is implemented in industrialised countries as well as in urban areas in developing countries face increasing problems not only caused by investments required, but also by major problems with respect to retrofitting, upgrading and inflexibility with respect to future developments. Identifying alternative approaches to provide urban water services and finding ways to make a transition from the technological trajectory of the conventional urban water infrastructure system to more sustainable ones is of interest for both the developing and the developed countries. The paper describes essential aspects associated with innovation processes in urban water infrastructure systems and presents an agent-based model to simulate these innovation processes. Additionally, first simulation results are presented.
publications-4433 article 2017 West, Timothy D. and West, Timothy D. and Blackburn, Mark and Blackburn, Mark Is Digital Thread/Digital Twin Affordable? A Systemic Assessment of the Cost of DoDs Latest Manhattan Project Procedia Computer Science 10.1016/j.procs.2017.09.003 This paper analyzes challenges the U.S. Air Force will inevitably face as it implements Digital Thread/Digital Twin, a model-centric approach to weapon system development, to include developing the needed computational capability, software tools, and workforce to leverage that capability. A Cost Constructive Model (COCOMO) II based analysis is performed to roughly estimate the scope, cost, and time required to develop robust Digital Thread/Digital Twin models for the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) aircraft. The authors determine that such a thoroughly unprecedented model development effort will require a national commitment on par with the Manhattan Project, which yielded the first atomic bomb.
publications-4434 article 2018 Saddik, Abdulmotaleb El and Saddik, Abdulmotaleb El Digital Twins: The Convergence of Multimedia Technologies IEEE MultiMedia 10.1109/mmul.2018.023121167 Originally developed to improve manufacturing processes, digital twins are being redefined as digital replications of living as well as nonliving entities that enable data to be seamlessly transmitted between the physical and virtual worlds. Digital twins facilitate the means to monitor, understand, and optimize the functions of all physical entities and for humans provide continuous feedback to improve quality of life and well-being.
publications-4435 article 2018 Kaewunruen, Sakdirat and Kaewunruen, Sakdirat and Kaewunruen, Sakdirat and Xu, Ningfang and Xu, Ningfang Digital twin for sustainability evaluation of railway station buildings Frontiers in Built Environment 10.3389/fbuil.2018.00077 The railway station is a primary asset of public transport systems and plays a crucial role in urban modernization. Most existing railway stations in the UK is historic and have been operated for many years. Maintenance and reconstruction are common concerns in the public railway industry, and clusters of information pertaining to this maintenance must be managed appropriately for effective outcome. Digital twin or BIM (Building information modeling) is a term frequently employed in the construction industry nowadays, because of its ability to provide wider and faster access to comprehensible and integrated information. A digital twin or a BIM is not only a tool, but also a process that can help to make changes in construction industry, which has remained unchanged for hundreds of years. This paper discusses a specific BIM application within the context of railway station buildings using a Revit-based simulation of construction work for King’s Cross station in London. The paper highlights the adoption and transformation of 3D model of the King’s Cross station building into a 6D building information model. The 6D model contains a time and cost schedule with carbon emissions calculation, and renovation assumptions using Revit. The outcome of this study can provide construction participants with reasonable guidance of BIM adoption on railway station projects that can be used for planning, designing and operating an economic and environmental efficient construction project.
publications-4436 article 2019 Madni, Azad M. and Madni, Azad M. and Madni, Carla C. and Madni, Carla C. and Lucero, Scott and Lucero, Scott D. Leveraging Digital Twin Technology in Model-Based Systems Engineering System 10.3390/systems7010007 Digital twin, a concept introduced in 2002, is becoming increasingly relevant to systems engineering and, more specifically, to model-based system engineering (MBSE). A digital twin, like a virtual prototype, is a dynamic digital representation of a physical system. However, unlike a virtual prototype, a digital twin is a virtual instance of a physical system (twin) that is continually updated with the latter’s performance, maintenance, and health status data throughout the physical system’s life cycle. This paper presents an overall vision and rationale for incorporating digital twin technology into MBSE. The paper discusses the benefits of integrating digital twins with system simulation and Internet of Things (IoT) in support of MBSE and provides specific examples of the use and benefits of digital twin technology in different industries. It concludes with a recommendation to make digital twin technology an integral part of MBSE methodology and experimentation testbeds.
publications-4437 article 2019 Tao, Fei and Tao, Fei and Tao, Fei and Qi, Qinglin and Qi, Qinglin and Qi, Qinglin Make more digital twins. Nature 10.1038/d41586-019-02849-1 Virtual models boost smart manufacturing by simulating decisions and optimization, from design to operations, explain Fei Tao and Qinglin Qi. Virtual models boost smart manufacturing by simulating decisions and optimization, from design to operations, explain Fei Tao and Qinglin Qi.
publications-4438 article 2019 Monks, Ian and Monks, Ian and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Sahin, Oz and Sahin, Oz and Keller, Robert R. and Keller, Robert Revealing Unreported Benefits of Digital Water Metering: Literature Review and Expert Opinions Water 10.3390/w11040838 Digital water meters can take Australian water utilities into the world of internet of things (IoT) and big data analytics. The potential is there for them to build more efficient processes, to enable new products and services to be offered, to defer expensive capital works, and for water conservation to be achieved. However, utilities are not mounting business cases with sufficient benefits to cover the project and operational costs. This study undertakes a literature review and interviews of industry experts in the search for unreported benefits that might be considered for inclusion in business cases. It identifies seventy-five possible benefits of which fifty-seven are classified as benefiting the water utility and forty are classified as benefiting customers (twenty-two benefit both). Many benefits may be difficult to monetize. Benefits to customers may have a small monetary benefit to the water utility but provide a significant benefit to customer satisfaction scores. However, for utilities to achieve these potential benefits, eight change enablers were identified as being required in their systems, processes, and resources. Of the seventy-five benefits, approximately half might be considered previously unreported. Finally, a taxonomy is presented into which the benefits are classified, and the enabling business changes for them to be realized are identified. Water utilities might consider the taxonomy, the benefits, and the changes required to enable the benefits when developing their business cases.
publications-4439 article 2019 Cimino, Chiara and Cimino, Chiara and Negri, Elisa and Negri, Elisa and Fumagalli, Luca and Fumagalli, Luca Review of digital twin applications in manufacturing Computers in Industry 10.1016/j.compind.2019.103130 Abstract In the Industry 4.0 era, the Digital Twin (DT), virtual copies of the system that are able to interact with the physical counterparts in a bi-directional way, seem to be promising enablers to replicate production systems in real time and analyse them. A DT should be capable to guarantee well-defined services to support various activities such as monitoring, maintenance, management, optimization and safety. Through an analysis of the current picture of manufacturing and a literature review about the already existing DT environment, this paper identifies what is still missing in the implemented DT to be compliant to their description in literature. Particular focuses of this paper are the degree of integration of the proposed DT with the control of the physical system, in particular with the Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) when the production system is based on the Automation Pyramid, and the services offered from these environments, comparing them to the reference ones. This paper proposes also a practical implementation of a DT in a MES equipped assembly laboratory line of the School of Management of the Politecnico di Milano. The application has been created to pose the basis to overcome the missing implementation aspects found in literature. In such a way, the developed DT paves the way for future research to close the loop between the MES and the DT taking into consideration the number of services that a DT could offer in a single environment.
publications-4440 article 2020 He, Bin and He, Bin and He, Bin and Bai, Kai-Jian and Bai, Kai-Jian Digital twin-based sustainable intelligent manufacturing: a review Advances in Manufacturing 10.1007/s40436-020-00302-5 As the next-generation manufacturing system, intelligent manufacturing enables better quality, higher productivity, lower cost, and increased manufacturing flexibility. The concept of sustainability is receiving increasing attention, and sustainable manufacturing is evolving. The digital twin is an emerging technology used in intelligent manufacturing that can grasp the state of intelligent manufacturing systems in real-time and predict system failures. Sustainable intelligent manufacturing based on a digital twin has advantages in practical applications. To fully understand the intelligent manufacturing that provides the digital twin, this study reviews both technologies and discusses the sustainability of intelligent manufacturing. Firstly, the relevant content of intelligent manufacturing, including intelligent manufacturing equipment, systems, and services, is analyzed. In addition, the sustainability of intelligent manufacturing is discussed. Subsequently, a digital twin and its application are introduced along with the development of intelligent manufacturing based on the digital twin technology. Finally, combined with the current status, the future development direction of intelligent manufacturing is presented.