Scientific Results

This catalogue is obtained by conducting a systematic literature review of scientific studies and reviews related to monitoring, forecasting, and simulating the inland water cycle. The analysis maps scientific expertise across research groups and classifies findings by the type of inland water studied, application focus, and geographical scope. A gap analysis will identify missing research areas and assess their relevance to policymaking.

ID ▲	Type	Year	Authors	Title	Venue/Journal	DOI	Abstract
publications-4461	article	2010	Wong, Jefferson See and Wong, Jefferson S. and Qiang, Zhang and Zhang, Qiang and Zhang, Qiang and Zhang, Qiang and Chen, Yongqin David and Chen, Yongqin David and Chen, Yongqin David	Statistical modeling of daily urban water consumption in Hong Kong: trend, changing patterns, and forecast.	Water Resources Research	10.1029/2009wr008147	[1] This study attempted to address statistical properties and forecast of daily urban water consumption in Hong Kong from 1990 to 2007. A statistical model was formulated to differentiate the effects of five factors on water use, i.e., trend, seasonality, climatic regression, calendar effect, and autoregression. The postulate of the statistical model is that total water use is made up of base, seasonal, and calendrical water use. Daily urban water consumption in Hong Kong from 1990 to 2001 was modeled and the developed statistical model explains 83\% of the variance with six factors: trend (8\%), seasonality (27\%), climatic regression (2\%), day-of-the-week effect (17\%), holiday effect (17\%), and autoregression (12\%). The model was further validated using an independent data set from 2002 to 2007, yielding a R 2 of 76\%. The results indicated good performance of the developed statistical model in depicting the temporal variations of the urban water use in Hong Kong, offering an improved insight into urban utilization of water resources and acting as the theoretical support for effective urban water resource management in Hong Kong under the changing environment.
publications-4462	article	2011	Froehlich, Jon E. and Froehlich, Jon E. and Larson, Eric B. and Larson, Eric C. and Larson, Eric C. and Saba, Elliot and Saba, Elliot and Saba, Elliot and Saba, Elliot and Campbell, Tim and Campbell, Tim and Atlas, Les and Atlas, Les and Fogarty, James and Fogarty, James and Patel, Shwetak and Patel, Shwetak N.	A longitudinal study of pressure sensing to infer real-world water usage events in the home		10.1007/978-3-642-21726-5_4	We present the first longitudinal study of pressure sensing to infer real-world water usage events in the home (e.g., dishwasher, upstairs bathroom sink, downstairs toilet). In order to study the pressure-based approach out in the wild, we deployed a ground truth sensor network for five weeks in three homes and two apartments that directly monitored valve-level water usage by fixtures and appliances. We use this data to, first, demonstrate the practical challenges in constructing water usage activity inference algorithms and, second, to inform the design of a new probabilistic-based classification approach. Inspired by algorithms in speech recognition, our novel Bayesian approach incorporates template matching, a language model, grammar, and prior probabilities. We show that with a single pressure sensor, our probabilistic algorithm can classify real-world water usage at the fixture level with 90\% accuracy and at the fixture-category level with 96\% accuracy. With two pressure sensors, these accuracies increase to 94\% and 98\%. Finally, we show how our new approach can be trained with fewer examples than a strict template-matching approach alone.
publications-4463	article	2013	Giuliani, Matteo and Giuliani, Matteo and Castelletti, Andrea and Castelletti, Andrea	Assessing the value of cooperation and information exchange in large water resources systems by agentβ€based optimization	Water Resources Research	10.1002/wrcr.20287	[1]Many large-scale water resources systems, especially in transboundary contexts, are characterized by the presence of several and conflicting interests and managed by multiple, institutionally independent decision makers. These systems are often studied adopting a centralized approach based on the assumption of full cooperation and information exchange among the involved parties. Such a perspective is conceptually interesting to quantify the best achievable performance but might have little practical impact given the real political and institutional setting. In this work, we propose a novel decision-analytic framework based on multiagent systems to model and analyze different levels of cooperation and information exchange among multiple decision makers. The Zambezi River basin is used as a case study. According to the proposed agent-based optimization approach, each agent represents a decision maker, whose decisions are defined by an explicit optimization problem considering only the agent's local interests. The economic value of information exchange is estimated comparing a noncooperative setting, where agents act independently, with the first basic level of cooperation, i.e., coordination, characterized by full information exchange. The economic value of cooperation is also estimated by comparison with the ideal, fully cooperative management of the system. Results show that coordination, obtained with complete information exchange, allows the downstream agents to better adapt to the upstream behaviors. The impact of information exchange depends on the objective considered, and we show coordination to be particularly beneficial to environmental interests.
publications-4464	article	2017	Eggimann, Sven and Eggimann, Sven and Mutzner, Lena and Mutzner, Lena and Wani, Omar and Wani, Omar and Schneider, Mariane Yvonne and Schneider, Mariane Yvonne and Spuhler, Dorothee and Spuhler, Dorothee and Spuhler, Dorothee and de Vitry, Matthew Moy and de Vitry, Matthew Moy and Beutler, Philipp and Beutler, Philipp and Maurer, Max and Maurer, Max	The Potential of Knowing More: A Review of Data-Driven Urban Water Management	Environmental Science & Technology	10.1021/acs.est.6b04267	The promise of collecting and utilizing large amounts of data has never been greater in the history of urban water management (UWM). This paper reviews several data-driven approaches which play a key role in bringing forward a sea change. It critically investigates whether data-driven UWM offers a promising foundation for addressing current challenges and supporting fundamental changes in UWM. We discuss the examples of better rain-data management, urban pluvial flood-risk management and forecasting, drinking water and sewer network operation and management, integrated design and management, increasing water productivity, wastewater-based epidemiology and on-site water and wastewater treatment. The accumulated evidence from literature points toward a future UWM that offers significant potential benefits thanks to increased collection and utilization of data. The findings show that data-driven UWM allows us to develop and apply novel methods, to optimize the efficiency of the current network-based approach...
publications-4465	article	2017	Sert, Γ‡aΔ_x009f_layan and Sert, Γ‡aΔ_x009f_layan and Altan-Sakarya, A. Burcu and Altan-Sakarya, A. Burcu	Optimal scheduling of booster disinfection in water distribution networks	Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems	10.1080/10286608.2018.1463218	ABSTRACTBooster disinfection stations are the solution alternative to maintain required disinfectant residual concentration in water distribution networks. In the present study, an optimisation problem to determine the optimum injection rates is solved. The minimisation of the total injected mass is considered as the objective function which is subjected to bound constraints on chlorine concentration. Two formulations are used for the linear optimisation problem, with and without considering the initial concentrations as unknowns. Determination of variable network hydraulics and chlorine concentrations is achieved by EPANET. A C++ code was developed to interface with EPANET by means of the EPANET Programmer's Toolkit for optimisation of the disinfectant mass applied to the network. Finally, a cross check is achieved in EPANET software for both disinfectant residual concentrations and linear superposition principle.
publications-4466	article	2019	Shi, Yanwen and Shi, Yanwen and Xu, Jie and Xu, Jie and Du, Weijia and Du, Weijia	Discussion on the New Operation Management Mode of Hydraulic Engineering Based on the Digital Twin Technique		10.1088/1742-6596/1168/2/022044	With the rapid social development, water conservancy develops an increasingly important role on improving people's life. Meanwhile, proposal of the digital twin technique arouses the extensive attention of people. In this thesis, the author analyzes its existing problems according to development situations of hydraulic engineering operation management and proposes an idea to apply the digital twin technique to hydraulic engineering operation management, hoping to realize intelligent hydraulic engineering operation, accurate control and reliable operation and maintenance, improve hydraulic engineering operation management level, and provide reference for further development of China's hydraulic engineering.
publications-4467	article	2019	Quintiliani, Claudia and Quintiliani, Claudia and Marquez-Calvo, Oscar Osvaldo and Marquez-Calvo, Oscar O. and Alfonso, Leonardo and Cristo, Cristiana Di and Alfonso, Leonardo and Leopardi, Angelo and Cristo, Cristiana Di and Cristo, Cristiana Di and Leopardi, Angelo and Solomatine, Dimitri and Solomatine, Dimitri and Solomatine, Dimitri and Solomatine, Dimitri and Solomatine, Dimitri and de Marinis, Giovanni and Marinis, Giovanni De	Multiobjective Valve Management Optimization Formulations for Water Quality Enhancement in Water Distribution Networks	Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management	10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001133	AbstractWater distribution networks (WDNs) need to guarantee that water is delivered with adequate quality. This paper compares the performance of 12 multiobjective procedures to limit water qualit...
publications-4468	article	2020	Fuertes, Pilar Conejos and Fuertes, P. Conejos and Alzamora, Fernando MartΓnez and Alzamora, Fernando MartΓnez and Alzamora, F. MartΓnez and Carot, M. HervΓ΅s and Carot, M. HervΓ΅s and Campos, JoΓ£o C. and Campos, J.C. Alonso	Building and exploiting a Digital Twin for the management of drinking water distribution networks	Urban Water Journal	10.1080/1573062x.2020.1771382	Digital Twins (DTs) are starting to be exploited to improve the management of water distribution systems (WDSs) and, in the future, they will be crucial for decision making. In this paper, the auth...
publications-4469	article	2021	Kadinski, Leonid and Kadinski, Leonid and Ostfeld, Avi and Ostfeld, Avi	Incorporation of COVID-19-Inspired Behaviour into Agent-Based Modelling for Water Distribution Systemsβ€™ Contamination Responses	Water	10.3390/w13202863	Drinking water contamination events in water networks are major challenges which require fast handling by the responsible water utility manager agent, and have been explored in a variety of models and scenarios using, e.g., agent-based modelling. This study proposes to use recent findings during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and draw analogies regarding responses and reactions to these kinds of challenges. This happens within an agent-based model coupled to a hydraulic simulation where the decision making of the individual agents is based on a fuzzy logic system reacting to a contamination event in a water network. Upon detection of anomalies in the water the utility manager agent places mobile sensor equipment in order to determine endangered areas in the water network and warn the consumer agents. Their actions are determined according to their social backgrounds, location in the water network and possible symptoms from ingesting contaminated water by utilising a fuzzy logic system. Results from an example application suggest that placing mobile equipment and warning consumers in real time is essential as part of a proper response to a contamination event. Furthermore, social background factors such as the age or employment status of the population can play a vital role in the consumer agentsβ€™ response to a water event.
publications-4470	article	2021	Pesantez, Jorge E. and Pesantez, Jorge E. and Alghamdi, Faisal and Alghamdi, Faisal and Sabu, Shreya and Sabu, Shreya and Mahinthakumar, G. and Mahinthakumar, Gnanamanikam and Berglund, Emily Zechman and Berglund, Emily Zechman	Using a Digital Twin to Explore Water Infrastructure Impacts During the COVID-19 Pandemic	Sustainable Cities and Society	10.1016/j.scs.2021.103520	During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the daily pattern of activities changed dramatically for people across the globe, as they socially distanced and worked remotely. Changes in daily routines created changes in water consumption patterns. Significant changes in water demands can affect the operation of water distribution systems, resulting in new patterns of flow, with implications for water age, pressure, and energy consumption. This research develops a digital twin to couple Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) data with a hydraulic model to assess impacts on infrastructure due to changes in water demands associated with the COVID-19 pandemic for a case study. Using 2019 and COVID-19 modeling scenarios, the hydraulic model was executed to evaluate changes to water quality based on water age, pressure across nodes in the network, and the energy required by the system to distribute potable water. A water supply interruption event was modeled as a water main break to assess network resiliency for 2019 and COVID-19 demands. A digital twin provides the capabilities to explore and visualize emerging consumption patterns and their effects on the functioning of water systems, providing valuable analyses for water utility managers and insight for optimizing infrastructure operations and planning for long-term impacts.