| publications-3801 |
article |
2014 |
Maskit, Matan and Maskit, M. and Ostfeld, Avi and Ostfeld, Avi |
Leakage Calibration of Water Distribution Networks |
Procedia Engineering |
10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.492 |
|
|
|
Water leakages in a water distribution system may vary from 5\% to 55\% of total supply and generally increase with pressure. The connection modeled by several studies as: qk_leak = Ξ²klkPkΞ±k where P is the pressure in pipe k, l is the pipe length, and Ξ±, Ξ² are the leakage model coefficients. A method is proposed in this study for calibrating Ξ±, Ξ². The pipes in the network are partitioned according to their properties, and for every group of pipes, the Ξ±, Ξ² values are searched. Through using a genetic algorithm and EPANET the values of Ξ±, Ξ² are modified until appropriate calibration matching is attained. |
|
|
|
|
| publications-3802 |
article |
2014 |
Savić, Dragan and Savic, Dragan and Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia, Lydia and Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia, Lydia S. and Kapelan, Zoran and Kapelan, Zoran |
Smart Meters, Smart Water, Smart Societies: The iWIDGET Project |
Procedia Engineering |
10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.231 |
|
|
|
Abstract Population growth and economic development are main causes for increases in the demand for freshwater throughout the world. The likely impacts of climate change and increased urbanisation will result in the increase of the share of global water use to satisfy urban demand and will make water security for urban population even more difficult and costly to achieve. iWIDGET is an EU FP7 funded project (2012-2015), aiming to advance knowledge and understanding about smart metering technologies in order to develop novel, robust, practical and cost-effective methodologies and tools to manage urban water demand in households across Europe. The main scientific challenges for iWIDGET are the management and extraction of useful information from vast amounts of high-resolution consumption data, the development of customised intervention and awareness campaigns to influence behavioural change, and the integration of iWIDGET concepts into a set of decision-support tools (‘widgets’) for water utilities and consumers, applicable in differing local conditions, in three case studies in the UK, Portugal and Greece. |
|
|
|
|
| publications-3803 |
article |
2007 |
Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai and Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai and Cairncross, Sandy and Cairncross, Sandy |
How often do you wash your hands? A review of studies of hand-washing practices in the community during and after the SARS outbreak in 2003 |
International Journal of Environmental Health Research |
10.1080/09603120701254276 |
|
|
|
Abstract We reviewed evidence of hand-washing compliance in community settings during the 2003 SARS outbreak. Literature was searched through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wan Fang database and Google. English and Chinese papers were reviewed. Studies containing data on hand-washing, self-reported or directly observed, in community settings were selected. Case-control studies and studies in healthcare settings were excluded. Fourteen studies were reviewed. Self-reported hand-washing compliance increased in the first phase of the SARS outbreak and maintained a high level 22 months after the outbreak. The decline of hand-washing in Hong Kong after SARS was relatively slow. A significant gender difference in hand-washing compliance (female>male) was found in eight studies. The importance of family support and ‘significant female others’ in hand hygiene promotion are noted. The impact of education is uncertain. Perceived susceptibility to and severity of SARS, and perceived efficacy of hand-washing in preventin... |
|
|
|
|
| publications-3804 |
article |
2011 |
Bassett, Rebecca L. and Bassett, Rebecca L. and Ginis, Kathleen A. Martin and Ginis, Kathleen A. Martin |
Risky business: The effects of an individualized health information intervention on health risk perceptions and leisure time physical activity among people with spinal cord injury |
Disability and Health Journal |
10.1016/j.dhjo.2010.12.001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| publications-3805 |
article |
2007 |
Preis, Ami and Ostfeld, Avi |
A contamination source identification model for water distribution system security |
Engineering Optimization |
10.1080/03052150701540670 |
|
|
|
This article presents and demonstrates a simple, straightforward genetic algorithm (GA) scheme for contamination source identification to enhance the security of water distribution systems. Related previous work on this subject has concentrated on developing analytical water quality inverse models with two major restrictions: the ability to disclose unique solutions and to handle water distribution systems of large size. These two limitations are addressed in this study by coupling a GA with EPANET. The objective function is minimization of the least-squares of the differences between simulated and measured contaminant concentrations, with the decision variables being the contaminant event characteristics of intrusion location, starting time, duration and mass rate. The developed methodology is demonstrated through base runs and sensitivity analysis of three water distribution system example applications of increasing complexity. |
|
|
|
|
| publications-3806 |
article |
2011 |
Yazdani, Alireza and Yazdani, Alireza and Jeffrey, Paul and Jeffrey, Paul |
Complex network analysis of water distribution systems |
Chaos |
10.1063/1.3540339 |
|
|
|
This paper explores a variety of strategies for understanding the formation, structure, efficiency, and vulnerability of water distribution networks. Water supply systems are studied as spatially organized networks for which the practical applications of abstract evaluation methods are critically evaluated. Empirical data from benchmark networks are used to study the interplay between network structure and operational efficiency, reliability, and robustness. Structural measurements are undertaken to quantify properties such as redundancy and optimal-connectivity, herein proposed as constraints in network design optimization problems. The role of the supply demand structure toward system efficiency is studied, and an assessment of the vulnerability to failures based on the disconnection of nodes from the source(s) is undertaken. The absence of conventional degree-based hubs (observed through uncorrelated nonheterogeneous sparse topologies) prompts an alternative approach to studying structural vulnerabilit... |
|
|
|
|
| publications-3807 |
article |
2015 |
Verdouw, C.N. and Verdouw, Cor and Beulens, A.J.M. and Beulens, Adrie J. M. and Reijers, Hajo A. and Reijers, Hajo A. and van der Vorst, J.G.A.J. and van der Vorst, J.G.A.J. |
A control model for object virtualization in supply chain management |
Computers in Industry |
10.1016/j.compind.2014.12.011 |
|
|
|
We study the role of virtual objects ('things') in supply chain control.Object virtualization allows to decouple control from physical operations.We propose a control model for object virtualization in supply chain management.The control model includes a typology of mechanisms for object virtualization.It is based on a multiple case study in the Dutch floriculture. Due to the emergence of the Internet of Things, supply chain control can increasingly be based on virtual objects instead of on the direct observation of physical objects. Object virtualization allows the decoupling of control activities from the handling and observing of physical products and resources. Moreover, virtual objects can be enriched with information that goes beyond human observation. This will allow for more advanced control capabilities, e.g. concerning tracking and tracing, quality monitoring and supply chain (re)planning. This paper proposes a control model for object virtualization in supply chain management, which is based on a multiple case study in the Dutch floriculture. It includes a typology of distinct mechanisms for object virtualization, which discerns reference objects and future projections next to the representation of real physical objects. The control model helps to define feasible redesign options for the virtualization of supply chain control. It is also of value as a basis to define the requirements for information systems that enable these redesign options. |
|
|
|
|
| publications-3808 |
article |
2014 |
Nieminski, Eva C. and Nieminski, Eva C. and Chaudhuri, Sanwat and Chaudhuri, Sanwat and Paxman, Scott W. and Paxman, Scott W. and Reynolds, Florence P. and Reynolds, Florence P. and Terry, Shazelle and Terry, Shazelle and Wheeler, Claudia and Wheeler, Claudia and Yates, Gerard and Yates, Gerard |
Twenty years of the Utah Water Quality Alliance |
Journal American Water Works Association |
10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0164 |
|
|
|
This article provides a history of the Utah Water Quality Alliance, a 20-year-old group whose successes can be used as an example of how utilities can engage with one another and with state agencies in a proactive approach to improve public health protection. |
|
|
|
|
| publications-3809 |
article |
2014 |
Berardi, Luigi and Berardi, Luigi and Ugarelli, Rita Maria and Ugarelli, Rita Maria and RΓΈstum, Jon and RΓΈstum, Jon and Giustolisi, Orazio and Giustolisi, Orazio |
Assessing mechanical vulnerability in water distribution networks under multiple failures |
Water Resources Research |
10.1002/2013wr014770 |
|
|
|
Understanding mechanical vulnerability of water distribution networks (WDN) is of direct relevance for water utilities since it entails two different purposes. On the one hand, it might support the identification of severe failure scenarios due to external causes (e.g., natural or intentional events) which result into the most critical consequences on WDN supply capacity. On the other hand, it aims at figure out the WDN portions which are more prone to be affected by asset disruptions. The complexity of such analysis stems from the number of possible scenarios with single and multiple simultaneous shutdowns of asset elements leading to modifications of network topology and insufficient water supply to customers. In this work, the search for the most disruptive combinations of multiple asset failure events is formulated and solved as a multiobjective optimization problem. The higher vulnerability failure scenarios are detected as those causing the lower supplied demand due to the lower number of simultaneous failures. The automatic detection of WDN topology, subsequent to the detachments of failed elements, is combined with pressure-driven analysis. The methodology is demonstrated on a real water distribution network. Results show that, besides the failures causing the detachment of reservoirs, tanks, or pumps, there are other different topological modifications which may cause severe WDN service disruptions. Such information is of direct relevance to support planning asset enhancement works and improve the preparedness to extreme events. |
|
|
|
|
| publications-3810 |
article |
2013 |
Cook, Stephen and Cook, Stephen and Sharma, Ashok and Sharma, Ashok and Chong, Meng Nan and Chong, Meng |
Performance Analysis of a Communal Residential Rainwater System for Potable Supply: A Case Study in Brisbane, Australia |
Water Resources Management |
10.1007/s11269-013-0443-8 |
|
|
|
Cities in developed countries have increasingly adopted rainwater tanks as an alternative water source over the last 15 years. The rapid uptake of rainwater tanks has been driven by the need to reduce demand for centralised water services that are under pressure to adapt to population growth and climate change impacts. Rainwater tanks are part of integrated urban water management approach that considers the whole water cycle to provide water services on a fit for purpose basis that minimises the impact on the local environment and receiving waters. Rainwater tanks are typically applied at the household scale for non-potable water source uses such as toilet flushing and garden irrigation. However, this paper reports on a communal approach to rainwater harvesting, where the water is treated for potable use. A communal approach to rainwater harvesting can offer benefits, such as: economies of scale for capital costs, reduced land footprint, centralised disinfection and flexibility in matching supply and demand for different households. The analysis showed that the communal approach could provide a reliable potable water source to a small urban development. However, there was an energy penalty associated with this water source compared to centralised systems that could be addressed through more appropriate pump sizing. The outputs from this monitoring and modelling study demonstrated rainwater harvesting can be expanded beyond the current mainstream practices of household systems for non-potable use in certain development contexts. The analysis contained in this paper can be used for the improved planning and design of communal approaches to rainwater harvesting. Copyright Β© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Australia 2013 |
|
|
|
|
