Scientific Results

This catalogue is obtained by conducting a systematic literature review of scientific studies and reviews related to monitoring, forecasting, and simulating the inland water cycle. The analysis maps scientific expertise across research groups and classifies findings by the type of inland water studied, application focus, and geographical scope. A gap analysis will identify missing research areas and assess their relevance to policymaking.

ID ▲ Type Year Authors Title Venue/Journal DOI Research type Water System Technical Focus Abstract Link with Projects Link with Tools Related policies ID
publications-3791 article 2000 Floyd, Donna L. and Floyd, Donna L. and Prentice‐Dunn, Steven and Prentice-Dunn, Steven and Rogers, Ronald W. and Rogers, Ronald W. A meta-analysis of research on protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02323.x This article reports the first meta-analysis of the literature on protection motivation theory (Rogers, 1975, 1983; Rogers & Prentice-Dunn, 1997), a model of disease prevention and health promotion that has generated research for over two decades. The literature review included 65 relevant studies (N= approximately 30,000) that represented over 20 health issues. The mean overall effect size (d+= 0.52) was of moderate magnitude. In general, increases in threat severity, threat vulnerability, response efficacy, and self-efficacy facilitated adaptive intentions or behaviors. Conversely, decreases in maladaptive response rewards and adaptive response costs increased adaptive intentions or behaviors. This held true whether the measures were based on intentions or behaviors, and suggests that PMT components may be useful for individual and community interventions.
publications-3792 article 2012 Laucelli, Daniele Biagio and Laucelli, Daniele B. and Berardi, Luigi and Berardi, Luigi and Giustolisi, Orazio and Giustolisi, Orazio Assessing climate change and asset deterioration impacts on water distribution networks: Demand-driven or pressure-driven network modeling? Environmental Modelling and Software 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.04.004
publications-3793 article 2004 Jacobs, Heinz Erasmus and Jacobs, HE and Haarhoff, Johannes and Haarhoff, Johannes Structure and data requirements of an end-use model for residential water demand and return flow Water SA 10.4314/wsa.v30i3.5077 An end-use model for residential water demand and return flow is presented in this paper. The model requires a unique description of a single residential stand in terms of all its end-uses. The end-uses include toilet flushing, bathing and showering, garden watering, pool water use, leaks, et cetera. Various parameters describe each of the end-uses. The model predicts five components relating to water use and wastewater flow at a residence: indoor water demand, outdoor water demand, hot water demand, wastewater flow volume and concentration of total dissolved solids in the wastewater. The large number of input parameters in an end-use model allow for powerful and detailed analysis of water demand. The various parameters required to populate the model are discussed, guideline values are presented and possible methods for calibration of the model to measured results are proposed. The model calculates 12 monthly results, for each of the five components, to provide a typical seasonal pattern as well as an annual value. WaterSA Vol.30 (3) 2004: 293-304
publications-3794 article 2014 Sancho-Asensio, Andreu and Sancho-Asensio, Andreu and Orriols-Puig, Albert and Orriols-Puig, Albert and Golobardes, Elisabet and Golobardes, Elisabet and Golobardes, Elisabet and Golobardes, Elisabet Robust on-line neural learning classifier system for data stream classification tasks 10.1007/s00500-014-1233-9 The increasing integration of technology in the different areas of science and industry has resulted in the design of applications that generate large amounts of data on-line. Most often, extracting information from these data is key, in order to gain a better understanding of the processes that the data are describing. Learning from these data poses new challenges to traditional machine learning techniques, which are not typically designed to deal with data in which concepts and noise levels may vary over time. The purpose of this paper is to present supervised neural constructivist system (SNCS), an accuracy-based neural-constructivist learning classifier system that makes use of multilayer perceptrons to learn from data streams with a fast reaction capacity to concept changes. The behavior of SNCS on data stream problems with different characteristics is carefully analyzed and compared with other state-of-the-art techniques in the field. This comparison is also extended to a large collection of real-world problems. The results obtained show that SNCS can function in a variety of problem situations producing accurate classification of data, whether the data are static or in dynamic streams.
publications-3795 article 2013 Pullinger, Martin and Pullinger, Martin and Anderson, B. and Anderson, Ben and Browne, Alison and Browne, Alison and Medd, Will and Medd, Will New directions in understanding household water demand: a practices perspective. Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-aqua 10.2166/aqua.2013.048 Understanding the nature of current household water use is important for forecasting future demand and for designing effective water efficiency interventions. This paper argues that to develop this understanding further it is necessary to shift away from the current focus on sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of litres used towards the everyday practices of household members through which water is consumed, i.e. routine and often habitual activities such as watering the garden, showering and clothes washing. It presents selected results from a survey of water using practices undertaken in southern England in 2011, focusing on garden watering as an example which demonstrates some of the added understanding that such a β€_x009c_practices approachβ€_x009d_ brings to how water is being used. These serve to illustrate that how individuals water the garden varies, often with little relationship to their sociodemographic characteristics. Further results demonstrate too that how individuals perform different practices varies with little relationship between the practices, so that even a set of households with similar levels of daily per capita water use can be using it in widely different ways. We end with some examples of how this understanding could help in demand forecasting and in designing more effective approaches to interventions.
publications-3796 article 2015 Du, Kui and Kun, Du and Long, Tianyu and Tianyu, Long and Wang, Junhui and Jun-Hui, Wang and Guo, Jiahao and Jin-Song, Guo Inversion Model of Water Distribution Systems for Nodal Demand Calibration Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000506 AbstractNodal demand calibration of a water distribution system (WDS) is a process of adjusting the nodal demand in WDS models to make its predictions consisting with measurements, which is an inversion problem compared to the conventional forward computation. Most existing methods rely on performing forward computation repeatedly to calculate the sensitivity matrix or generate offspring for searching for optimal solutions. This paper develops an alternative framework, namely an inversion model, to directly calibrate the nodal demand. The model is constructed by separating the known and unknown variables in continuity and energy equations of WDS using the matrix decomposition method. Specifically, the measured and unmeasured nodal demand, nodal head, and pipe flow are taken as knows and unknowns, respectively. The nodal demands with similar user characteristics are grouped (i.e.,aggregated) to make the model overdetermined, and the Gauss-Newton based iteration method is applied to solve the model. To eva...
publications-3797 article 2010 Quevedo, Joseba and Quevedo, Joseba and Puig, Vicenç and Puig, Vicenç and Cembraño, Gabriela and Cembrano, Gabriela and Blanch, Jordi and Blanch, Jordi and Blanch, Jordi Solé and Blanch, Jordi and Aguilar, José and Aguilar, J. and Aguilar, Jose and Saporta, D. and Saporta, D. and Benito, Gabriel R. G. and Benito, G. and Benito, G. and Benito, Gerardo and Hedo, M. and Hedo, M. and Molina, Ana Lucía and Molina, A. Validation and reconstruction of flow meter data in the Barcelona water distribution network Control Engineering Practice 10.1016/j.conengprac.2010.03.003 This paper presents a signal analysis methodology to validate (detect) and reconstruct the missing and false data of a large set of flow meters in the telecontrol system of a water distribution network. The proposed methodology is based on two time-scale forecasting models: a daily model based on a ARIMA time series, while the 10-min model is based on distributing the daily flow using a 10-min demand pattern. The demand patterns have been determined using two methods: correlation analysis and an unsupervised fuzzy logic classification, named LAMDA algorithm. Finally, the proposed methodology has been applied to the Barcelona water distribution network, providing very good results.
publications-3798 article 2011 Willis, Rachelle McDonald and Willis, Rachelle McDonald and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Panuwatwanich, Kriengsak and Panuwatwanich, Kriengsak and Williams, Philip L. and Williams, Philip and Hollingsworth, Anna and Hollingsworth, Anna L. Quantifying the influence of environmental and water conservation attitudes on household end use water consumption Journal of Environmental Management 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.023 Within the research field of urban water demand management, understanding the link between environmental and water conservation attitudes and observed end use water consumption has been limited. Through a mixed method research design incorporating field-based smart metering technology and questionnaire surveys, this paper reveals the relationship between environmental and water conservation attitudes and a domestic water end use break down for 132 detached households located in Gold Coast city, Australia. Using confirmatory factor analysis, attitudinal factors were developed and refined; households were then categorised based on these factors through cluster analysis technique. Results indicated that residents with very positive environmental and water conservation attitudes consumed significantly less water in total and across the behaviourally influenced end uses of shower, clothes washer, irrigation and tap, than those with moderately positive attitudinal concern. The paper concluded with implications for urban water demand management planning, policy and practice.
publications-3799 article 2011 Stillwell, Ashlynn S. and Stillwell, Ashlynn S. and Twomey, Kelly M. and Twomey, Kelly M. and Osborne, Rusty and Osborne, Rusty and Greene, David and Greene, David and Pedersen, Dan W. and Pedersen, Dan W. and Webber, Michael E. and Webber, Michael E. An integrated energy, carbon, water, and economic analysis of reclaimed water use in urban settings: a case study of Austin, Texas Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 10.2166/wrd.2011.058 As water supplies become strained, some municipalities have turned to reclaimed water as a potential source to meet non-potable needs. Such reclaimed water – wastewater effluent treated to appropriate quality standards – is not suitable for human consumption without additional treatment, but can be used for purposes such as irrigation and cooling. One reclaimed water distribution system of particular interest is at the University of Texas at Austin (UT), USA, which receives treated effluent from City of Austin wastewater treatment plants. Depending on the embedded energy of existing water sources, existing levels of wastewater treatment, and the extent of the relevant distribution network, water reuse can save energy and carbon emissions compared with conventional drinking water distribution systems, at the expense of higher capital costs. Our analysis uses EPANet modeling software and historical datasets to examine the embedded energy and carbon emissions in drinking water and reclaimed water for non-potable applications at UT. We then examine the overall economics of reclaimed water use, including capital and operating costs for a variety of amortization periods, financing costs, and externality costs using a levelized-cost of water methodology. This integrated analysis serves as the basis for developing principles of sustainable water reuse.
publications-3800 article 2005 Almandoz, Javier and Almandoz, Javier and Cabrera, Enrique and Cabrera, Enrique and Arregui, Francisco J. and Arregui, F. J. and Arregui, Francisco J. and Cobacho, R. and Cobacho, Ricardo Leakage Assessment through Water Distribution Network Simulation Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2005)131:6(458) Presented herein is a methodology for evaluation of water losses based on discrimination of the two components of uncontrolled water in a water distribution network: physical losses in mains and service connections, and the volume of water consumed but not measured by meters. The water balance calculations consider that all nonmeasured consumption is uncontrolled water and consequently an apparent loss. The methodology is applicable to an entire network or portions thereof, and presumes that real losses in certain physical states of a network are a function of pressure, while apparent losses (defined as nonmetered consumed water) are a function of consumption patterns (i.e., domestic, industrial, institutional, etc.). An extended period simulation of a water distribution network is employed to accurately determine both terms.