| publications-3771 |
article |
2002 |
Friedman, Melinda and Friedman, Melinda and Kirmeyer, Gregory J. and Kirmeyer, Gregory J. and Antoun, Edward N. and Antoun, Edward N. |
Developing and implementing a distribution system flushing program |
Journal American Water Works Association |
10.1002/j.1551-8833.2002.tb09505.x |
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Flushing programs : An important part of many distribution system maintenance programs - can improve distribution system water quality, reduce customer complaints, and increase water savings. |
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| publications-3772 |
article |
2015 |
Wang, Zhaohui and Wang, Zhaohui and Song, Houbing and Song, Houbing and Watkins, David and Watkins, David W. and Ong, Keat Ghee and Ong, Keat Ghee and Xue, Pengfei and Xue, Pengfei and Yang, Qing and Yang, Qing and Shi, Xianming and Shi, Xianming |
Cyber-physical systems for water sustainability: challenges and opportunities |
IEEE Communications Magazine |
10.1109/mcom.2015.7105668 |
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Water plays a vital role in the proper functioning of the Earth’s ecosystems, and practically all human activities, such as agriculture, manufacturing, transportation, and energy production. The proliferation of industrial and agricultural activities in modern society, however, poses threats to water resources in the form of chemical, biological, and thermal pollution. On the other hand, tremendous advancements in science and technology offer valuable tools to address water sustainability challenges. Key technologies, including sensing technology, wireless communications and networking, hydrodynamic modeling, data analysis, and control, enable intelligently wireless networked water cyber-physical systems (CPS) with embedded sensors, processors, and actuators that can sense and interact with the water environment. This article provides an overview of water CPS for sustainability from four critical aspects: sensing and instrumentation; communications and networking; computing; and control. The article also explores opportunities and design challenges of relevant techniques. |
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| publications-3773 |
article |
2015 |
Guo, Huadong and Guo, Huadong and Zhang, Li and Zhang, Li and Zhang, Li and Zhu, Liwei and Zhu, Lanwei |
Earth observation big data for climate change research |
Advances in Climate Change Research |
10.1016/j.accre.2015.09.007 |
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Abstract Earth observation technology has provided highly useful information in global climate change research over the past few decades and greatly promoted its development, especially through providing biological, physical, and chemical parameters on a global scale. Earth observation data has the 4V features (volume, variety, veracity, and velocity) of big data that are suitable for climate change research. Moreover, the large amount of data available from scientific satellites plays an important role. This study reviews the advances of climate change studies based on Earth observation big data and provides examples of case studies that utilize Earth observation big data in climate change research, such as synchronous satellite–aerial–ground observation experiments, which provide extremely large and abundant datasets; Earth observational sensitive factors (e.g., glaciers, lakes, vegetation, radiation, and urbanization); and global environmental change information and simulation systems. With the era of global environment change dawning, Earth observation big data will underpin the Future Earth program with a huge volume of various types of data and will play an important role in academia and decisionmaking. Inevitably, Earth observation big data will encounter opportunities and challenges brought about by global climate change. |
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| publications-3774 |
article |
2015 |
Keck, Jonathan and Keck, Jonathan and Keck, Jonathan C. and Lee, Juneseok |
A New Model for Industry–University Partnerships |
Journal American Water Works Association |
10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0161 |
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A research partnership between the California Water Service Co. and San Jose State University has developed critical projects to help address gaps in the knowledge base within the drinking water industry and research communities. |
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| publications-3775 |
article |
1983 |
Walski, Thomas M. and Walski, Thomas M. and Walski, Thomas M. and Walski, Thomas M. |
Technique for Calibrating Network Models |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1983)109:4(360) |
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In calibrating a water distribution system model, the model user usually adjusts pipe roughness (e.g., Hazenβ€Williams C factor) or water use so that pressures and flows predicted by the model agree with values observed in the field. This paper presents formulas to assist the user in deciding whether to adjust C or water use and by how much. The key to using the formulas is to observe pressures in the system for at least two significantly different use rates. Such data are often collected during fire flow tests. A model is considered calibrated to the extent that it can predict the behavior of the water distribution system over a wide range of operating conditions and water use. |
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| publications-3776 |
article |
2014 |
McKenna, Sean Andrew and McKenna, Sean A. and McKenna, S.A. and Fusco, Francesco and Fusco, Francesco and Eck, Bradley and Eck, Bradley J. |
Water Demand Pattern Classification from Smart Meter Data |
Procedia Engineering |
10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.124 |
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Abstract High frequency measurements of water demand at service connections are becoming more common as utilities install smart meter technology. The full range of use for these observations by water suppliers is only beginning to be realized. Potential applications include leak detection, improved demand forecasting, variable water pricing, and improved network operations. Here we develop an approach for the classification of demand patterns and apply this approach to a set of demands collected from smart meters within a single District Metered Area (DMA) of a municipal network. The goal of this work is to develop a robust procedure for classification of demands derived from smart metering and test this procedure on observational data. A fundamental aspect of many feature classification tools is representation of what are often complex and noisy data in a low dimensional feature space that captures the important attributes of the signal. In this work, we employ Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM's) as the basis set for representing demand patterns. GMM's provide a flexible approach to representing the temporal demand patterns with a relatively small number of parameters. The values of these parameters then serve as the feature set for multivariate classification. A data set of hourly demand readings spanning a six-month study period serve as the test case for analysis here. The smart meters record demands to both residential and commercial consumers. Results show that the GMM approach captures variations in the demand patterns between locations. To the first order, the identified patterns appear to be explained by the differences between residential and commercial consumers. The resulting groupings are compared to classifications made using total demand as the sole feature. The stability of the patterns over time is tested by independently clustering each month of data. |
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| publications-3777 |
article |
1996 |
Argyris, Chris and Argyris, Chris |
Actionable Knowledge: Design Causality in the Service of Consequential Theory: |
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science |
10.1177/0021886396324004 |
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Knowledge produced by empirical research can have external validity, which means it is relevant to the everyday world. Actionable knowledge is that knowledge required to implement the external validity (relevance) in that world. The claim is made that the concept of causality that underlies much rigorous empirical research makes it difficult to transform knowledge with high external validity into actionable knowledge. Moreover, this concept of causality can lead to knowledge that, if made actionable, could inhibit learning and, in some cases, produce undesirable unethical consequences. A different concept of causality is proposed that enhances actionability. Design causality is defined, and how it can be implemented is illustrated. |
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| publications-3778 |
article |
2013 |
Ringler, Claudia and Ringler, Claudia and Bhaduri, Anik and Bhaduri, Anik and Lawford, R. G. and Lawford, Richard |
The nexus across water, energy, land and food (WELF): potential for improved resource use efficiency? |
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability |
10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.002 |
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| publications-3779 |
article |
2000 |
Gleick, Peter H. and Gleick, Peter H. |
The changing water paradigm. A look at twenty-first century water resources development. |
Water International |
10.1080/02508060008686804 |
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Water resources management approaches around the world are changing dramatically. This ichanging water paradigmi has many components, including a shift away from sole, or even pri- mary, reliance on finding new sources of supply to address perceived new demands, a growing emphasis on incorporating ecological values into water policy, a re-emphasis on meeting basic human needs for water services, and a conscious breaking of the ties between economic growth and water use. A reliance on physical solutions continues to dominate traditional planning approaches, but these solutions are facing increasing opposition. At the same time, new methods are being developed to meet the demands of growing populations without requiring major new construction or new large-scale water transfers from one region to another. More and more water suppliers and planning agencies are beginning to explore efficiency improvements, implement options for managing demand, and reallocating water among users to reduce projected gaps and meet future needs. The connections between water and food are receiving increasing attention as the concerns of food experts begin to encompass the realities of water availabil- ity. These shifts have not come easily; they have met strong internal opposition. They are still not univer- sally accepted, and they may not be permanent. Nevertheless, these changes represent a real shift in the way humans think about water use. This paper summarizes the components of this ongoing shift and looks at the new paths being explored. It evaluates the major reasons for the change in approach and discusses the applicability of these new concepts in different parts of the world. |
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| publications-3780 |
article |
1991 |
LΓ©lΓ©, Sharachchandra and Lele, Sharachchandra |
Sustainable development: a critical review |
World Development |
10.1016/0305-750x(91)90197-p |
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