| publications-901 |
PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE |
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A. Zach-Maor, E. Shpitzer, ..., P. Smeets, L. Breitenmoser, ?C. Kazner |
Thread filtration for drinking water production from highly turbid surface water. |
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Uncategorized |
Uncategorized |
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No abstract available |
308496 |
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| publications-902 |
PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE |
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Gross, T. et al |
Assessing impacts of multi-sectoral drivers and pressures on downstream drinking water resources in the Indian Krishna Riverbasin using DPSIR and SWAT. |
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Uncategorized |
Uncategorized |
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No abstract available |
308496 |
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| publications-903 |
PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE |
2017 |
Platter, J. et al. |
Fluoride removal from groundwater using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and vacuum enhanced DCMD (VEDCMD). |
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10.1016/j.seppur.2017.03.003 |
Uncategorized |
Wastewater Treatment Plants |
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No abstract available |
308496 |
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| publications-904 |
PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE |
2013 |
Markus Starkl , Norbert Brunner , Thor-Axel Stenström |
Why Do Water and Sanitation Systems for the Poor Still Fail? Policy Analysis in Economically Advanced Developing Countries |
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10.1021/es3048416 |
Uncategorized |
Wastewater Treatment Plants |
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No abstract available |
308672 |
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| publications-905 |
PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE |
2013 |
Markus Starkl , Norbert Brunner , Eduardo López , José Luis Martínez-Ruiz |
A planning-oriented sustainability assessment framework for peri-urban water management in developing countries |
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10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.037 |
Uncategorized |
Wastewater Treatment Plants |
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No abstract available |
308672 |
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| publications-906 |
PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE |
2014 |
Nitin Kumar Singh , A. A. Kazmi , M. Starkl |
A review on full-scale decentralized wastewater treatment systems: techno-economical approach |
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10.2166/wst.2014.413 |
Uncategorized |
Uncategorized |
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As a solution to the shortcomings of centralized systems, over the last two decades large numbers of decentralized wastewater treatment plants of different technology types have been installed all over the world. This paper aims at deriving lessons learned from existing decentralized wastewater treatment plants that are relevant for smaller towns (and peri-urban areas) as well as rural communities in developing countries, such as India. Only full-scale implemented decentralized wastewater treatment systems are reviewed in terms of performance, land area requirement, capital cost, and operation and maintenance costs. The results are presented in tables comparing different technology types with respect to those parameters. |
308672 |
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| publications-907 |
PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE |
2015 |
Markus Starkl , Norbert Brunner , Magdalena Feil , Andreas Hauser |
Ensuring Sustainability of Non-Networked Sanitation Technologies: An Approach to Standardization |
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10.1021/acs.est.5b00887 |
Uncategorized |
Uncategorized |
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No abstract available |
308672 |
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| publications-908 |
PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE |
2015 |
Norbert Brunner , Vijay Mishra , Ponnusamy Sakthivel , Markus Starkl , Christof Tschohl |
The Human Right to Water in Law and Implementation |
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10.3390/laws4030413 |
Uncategorized |
Uncategorized |
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Recent concerns about alleged insufficient water provision to the poor in Detroit, USA, has put the Human Right to Water (HRW) into the international discussion. The paper asks: “To what extent did international human rights treaties make HRW judiciable?” and “How did government policies implement it?” In a cross-country comparison of performance indicators, merely accepting HRW has not been helpful in promoting affordable access to potable water or sanitation facilities close to the home, amongst the reasons being deficiencies in water-governance. Case-law confirmed that with respect to affordable access HRW obliges governments to a “progressive realization” only, also in countries accepting HRW (India, South Africa). The paper focuses on the resulting positive state obligation to establish funding programs for better water and sanitation services and analyzes funding policies by a mathematical model of policy goals. It identifies two viable goals namely the successful support for the poor, as in developing countries, and the most economic use of public funds, as in industrialized countries. Other goals conceivable for the model have been tried in the past and failed. |
308672 |
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| publications-909 |
PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE |
2015 |
Nitin Kumar Singh , Absar Ahmad Kazmi , Markus Starkl |
Environmental performance of an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor treating actual municipal wastewater during start-up phase |
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10.2166/wst.2015.390 |
Uncategorized |
Wastewater Treatment Plants |
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The present study summarizes the start-up performance and lessons learned during the start-up and optimization of a pilot-scale plant employing integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) process treating actual municipal wastewater. A comprehensive start-up was tailored and implemented to cater for all the challenges and problems associated with start-up. After attaining desired suspended biomass (2,000–3,000 mg/L) and sludge age (∼7 days), the average biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were observed as 77.3 and 70.9%, respectively, at optimized conditions, i.e. hydraulic retention time (HRT), 6.9 h; return sludge rate, 160%. The influent concentrations of COD, BOD, total suspended solids, NH3-N, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were found to be in the range of 157–476 mg/L, 115–283 mg/L, 152–428 mg/L, 23.2–49.3 mg/L, 30.1–52 mg/L and 3.6–7.8 mg/L, respectively, and the minimum effluent concentrations were achieved as ∼49 mg/L, 23 mg/L, 35 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, 3.4 mg/L and 2.8 mg/L, respectively, at optimum state. The present system was found effective in the removal of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, 79%; Salmonella spp., 97.5%; Shigella spp., 92.9%) as well as coliforms (total coliforms, 97.65%; faecal coliforms, 80.35%) without any disinfection unit. Moreover it was observed that the time required for the stabilization of the plant was approximately 3 weeks if other parameters (sludge age, HRT and dissolved oxygen) are set to optimized values. |
308672 |
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| publications-910 |
PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE |
2015 |
S. Suneethi , G. Keerthiga , R. Soundhar , M. Kanmani , T. Boobalan , D. Krithika , L. Philip |
Qualitative evaluation of small scale municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in South India |
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10.2166/wpt.2015.087 |
Uncategorized |
Uncategorized |
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Decentralized wastewater treatment system (DEWATS) are widely used for the treatment of wastewater originating from residences, institutes and municipalities, specifically in South India. Most of these STPs are denounced owing to failures on several fronts including design, operation and maintenance, installation and monitoring. A comprehensive review and evaluation of STPs was timely, in order to derive sound conclusions and recommendations for future wastewater management strategies. The objective of the present study was to conduct an independent evaluation of already existing decentralized STPs in South India. The technologies assessed were Aerated lagoon (AL), Extended aeration (EA), Anaerobic filter/Vortex put forward by Centre for Scientific Research (CSR VORTEX), Constructed Wetland (DEWATS others), Membrane bioreactor (MBR) and Moving bed Biofilm reactor (MBBR). Among the various technologies evaluated, MBR exhibited the highest total COD, BOD and solids removal efficiency. Pathogen count was lowest in MBR, followed by MBBR and AL. Nutrient removal in terms of ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was highest in DEWATS. Effective hours of continuous operation enabled improved plant performance. In case of natural treatment technology such as DEWATS, energy requirement is quite low, whereas conventional treatment technologies such as EA necessitate considerably high demand of energy, requiring few personnel to operate the system. Innovative high cell density systems such as MBBR and MBR entail significant power consumption and elaborate maintenance, requiring large number of skilled professionals. The major reasons for failure of STPs were related to mechanical, electrical and labour problems. Regular monitoring and maintenance is required with due diligence in all the treatment technologies for proper functioning. |
308672 |
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