| publications-3971 |
article |
2017 |
Darbandsari, Pedram and Darbandsari, Pedram and Kerachian, Reza and Kerachian, Reza and Malakpourβ€Estalaki, Siamak and Malakpour-Estalaki, Siamak |
An Agent-based behavioral simulation model for residential water demand management: The case-study of Tehran, Iran |
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory |
10.1016/j.simpat.2017.08.006 |
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| publications-3972 |
article |
2018 |
Palleti, Venkata Reddy and Palleti, Venkata Reddy and Palleti, Venkata Reddy and Kurian, Varghese and Kurian, Varghese and Narasimhan, Shankar and Narasimhan, Shankar and Narasimhan, Shankar and Narasimhan, Shankar and Rengaswamy, Raghunathan and Rengaswamy, Raghunathan |
Actuator network design to mitigate contamination effects in Water Distribution Networks |
Computers & Chemical Engineering |
10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.09.003 |
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| publications-3973 |
article |
2020 |
Wang, Cuiyan and Wang, Cuiyan and Pan, Riyu and Pan, Riyu and Wan, Xiaoyang and Wan, Xiaoyang and Tan, Yilin and Tan, Yilin and Xu, Linkang and Xu, Linkang and Ho, Cyrus S.H. and Ho, Cyrus S. H. and Ho, Roger and Ho, Roger C. M. |
Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
10.3390/ijerph17051729 |
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Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8\% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5\% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8\% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1\% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7\%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2\%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1\%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic. |
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| publications-3974 |
article |
2009 |
Watson, Jean-Paul and Watson, Jean-Paul and Watson, Jean-Paul and Murray, Regan and Hart, William E. |
Formulation and Optimization of Robust Sensor Placement Problems for Drinking Water Contamination Warning Systems |
Journal of Infrastructure Systems |
10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(2009)15:4(330) |
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The sensor placement problem in contamination warning system design for municipal water distribution networks involves maximizing the protection level afforded by limited numbers of sensors, typically quantified as the expected impact of a contamination event; the issue of how to mitigate against high-consequence events is either handled implicitly or ignored entirely. Consequently, expected-case sensor placements run the risk of failing to protect against high-consequence 9/11-style attacks. In contrast, robust sensor placements address this concern by focusing strictly on high-consequence events and placing sensors to minimize the impact of these events. We introduce several robust variations of the sensor placement problem, distinguished by how they quantify the potential damage due to high-consequence events. We explore the nature of robust versus expected-case sensor placements on three real-world large-scale distribution networks. We find that robust sensor placements can yield large reductions in t... |
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| publications-3975 |
article |
2008 |
Shang, Feng and Uber, James G. and Rossman, Lewis A. |
Modeling reaction and transport of multiple species in water distribution systems. |
Environmental Science & Technology |
10.1021/es072011z |
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A general framework for modeling the reaction and transport of multiple, interacting chemical species in drinking water distribution systems is developed. It accommodates reactions between constituents in both the bulk flow (through pipes and storage tanks) and those attached to pipe walls. The framework has been implemented as an extension to the well-known EPANET programmer’s toolkit (a library of functions that simulates hydraulic behavior and water quality transport in pipe networks). The implementation allows modelers to define the particular species of interest and their chemical equilibrium and reaction rate equations in a natural fashion using standard functional notation. It also employs several different numerical methods, including a stiff differential equation solver, to solve the reaction/equilibrium system throughout the pipe network using the standard EPANET transport algorithm. The flexibility and power of the framework is demonstrated with two examples that model water quality dynamics go... |
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| publications-3976 |
article |
2013 |
Arad, Jonathan and Housh, Mashor and Perelman, Lina and Ostfeld, Avi |
A dynamic thresholds scheme for contaminant event detection in water distribution systems |
Water Research |
10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.017 |
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| publications-3977 |
article |
2010 |
Sanctis, Annamaria E. De and Shang, Feng and Uber, James G. |
Real-Time Identification of Possible Contamination Sources Using Network Backtracking Methods |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000050 |
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In case of contamination intrusion in water distribution systems, water quality sensor data can be used to determine the location and time of the contamination source. One approach to contamination source identification is finding the source location that minimizes the difference between modeled and measured water quality. However, this is an inherently ill-posed mathematical problem, due to the shortage of measurements compared to source parameters, and regularization methods are required to force identification of a unique solution. An alternative practical method is developed in this paper to identify all possible locations and times that explain contamination incidents detected by the water quality sensors. Since sensors cannot detect the quantitative concentration of a contaminant, this method only requires a binary sensor status over time. A particle backtracking algorithm is used to identify the water flow paths and travel times leading to each sensor measurement. Those locations and times that are... |
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| publications-3978 |
article |
2014 |
Abel, N. Van and Blokker, E. J. M. and Blokker, E. J. M. and Blokker, E. J. M. and Smeets, P. W. M. H. and Smeets, P.W.M.H. and Meschke, John Scott and Medema, Gertjan |
Sensitivity of quantitative microbial risk assessments to assumptions about exposure to multiple consumption events per day. |
Journal of Water and Health |
10.2166/wh.2014.037 |
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Quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRAs) of contaminated drinking water usually assume the daily intake volume is consumed once a day. However, individuals could consume water at multiple time points over 1 day, so the objective was to determine if the number of consumption events per day impacted the risk of infection from Campylobacter jejuni during short-term contamination events. A probabilistic hydraulic and risk model was used to evaluate the impact of multiple consumption events as compared to one consumption event on the health risk from the intake of contaminated tap water. The fraction of the population that experiences greater than 10β’4 risk of infection per event at the median dose was 6.8\% (5th–95th percentile: 6.5–7.2\%) for one consumption event per day, 18.2\% (5th–95th: 17.6–18.7\%) for three consumption events per day, and 19.8\% (5th–95th: 14.0–24.4\%) when the number of consumption events varied around 3.49 events/day. While the daily intake volume remained consistent across scenarios, the results suggest that multiple consumption events per day increases the probability of infection during short-term, high level contamination events due to the increased coincidence of a consumption event during the contamination peak. Therefore, it will be important to accurately characterize this parameter in drinking water QMRAs. |
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| publications-3979 |
article |
2011 |
Besner, Marie-Claude and Prévost, Michèle and Regli, Stig |
Assessing the public health risk of microbial intrusion events in distribution systems: Conceptual model, available data, and challenges |
Water Research |
10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.035 |
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| publications-3980 |
article |
2006 |
Laird, Carl D. and Laird, Carl D. and Biegler, Lorenz T. and van Bloemen Waanders, Bart G. |
Mixed-Integer Approach for Obtaining Unique Solutions in Source Inversion of Water Networks |
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management |
10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2006)132:4(242) |
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This paper addresses the problem of contamination source determination in municipal drinking water networks. In previous work, the authors introduced a large-scale nonlinear programming approach for identifying both the time and location of contamination sources given concentration information from a limited number of sensors. Due to the sparseness of the sensor grid, this problem inherently has nonunique solutions. The problem was therefore regularized, and the regularized solution provided an approximate linear combination of possible injection scenarios. In this paper, a mixed-integer quadratic program is presented to refine the solution provided by the nonlinear programming formulation. We introduce a two-phase approach. In the n-phase, the number of likely injection locations is estimated. Using this information, the e-phase is performed to extract the likely injection scenarios from the family of nonunique solutions. This two-phase approach is tested on a realistic municipal water network model with approximately 400 nodes, simulating five different injection scenarios. In all five examples, the approach was able to determine the correct number of injection locations and identify a set of possible injection scenarios containing the actual simulated injections. |
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