Scientific Results

This catalogue is obtained by conducting a systematic literature review of scientific studies and reviews related to monitoring, forecasting, and simulating the inland water cycle. The analysis maps scientific expertise across research groups and classifies findings by the type of inland water studied, application focus, and geographical scope. A gap analysis will identify missing research areas and assess their relevance to policymaking.

ID ▲	Type	Year	Authors	Title	Venue/Journal	DOI	Abstract
publications-3961	article	2019	Tourigny, Alexandre and Tourigny, Alexandre and Filion, Y. R. and Filion, Yves	Sensitivity Analysis of an Agent-Based Model Used to Simulate the Spread of Low-Flow Fixtures for Residential Water Conservation and Evaluate Energy Savings in a Canadian Water Distribution System	Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management	10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001015	AbstractThe results of a sensitivity analysis performed to examine the impact of uncertain parameters in an agent-based model (ABM) on the prediction of water use and energy use for pumping and wat...
publications-3962	article	2018	Alvi, Muhammad Saad Qaisar and Alvi, Muhammad Saad Qaisar and Mahmood, Imran and Mahmood, Imran and Javed, Fawad and Javed, Fahad and Malik, Asad Waqar and Malik, Asad Waqar and Sarjoughian, Hessam S. and Sarjoughian, Hessam S.	Dynamic behavioural modeling, simulation and analysis of household water consumption in an urban area: a hybrid approach		10.1109/wsc.2018.8632309	Pakistan is rapidly becoming a water stressed country, thus affecting peopleβ€™s well-being. Authorities are faced with making drastic water conservation policies toward achieving effective management of available water resources and efficient water supply delivery coupled with responsible demand side management. Due to the lack of modern water metering in Pakistan, water consumption is not being accurately monitored. To achieve this goal, we propose a hybrid modeling and simulation framework, consisting of: (i) Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) paradigm that deals with the behavior and characteristics of individuals and (ii) System Dynamics(SD) paradigm that accounts for water flow dynamics. Our approach provides dual-resolution expressiveness suitable for replicating real-world urban infrastructure scenarios. The key objective of the research is to assist authorities to understand and forecast short-term and long-term water consumption through examining varying patterns of water consumption in different climates and thus improving demand side water usage dynamically subject to water supply availability.
publications-3963	article	2018	Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Nguyen, Khoi and Nguyen, Khoi Anh and Nguyen, Khoi and Nguyen, Khoi and Nguyen, Khoi Anh and Beal, Cara and Beal, Cara and Zhang, Hong and Zhang, Hong and Sahin, Oz and Sahin, Oz and Bertone, Edoardo and Bertone, Edoardo and Vieira, Abel Silva and Vieira, Abel Silva and Castelletti, Andrea and Castelletti, Andrea and Cominola, Andrea and Cominola, Andrea and Giuliani, Matteo and Giuliani, Matteo and Giurco, Damien and Giurco, Damien and Blumenstein, Michael and Blumenstein, Michael and Turner, Andrea and Turner, Andrea and Liu, Ariane and Liu, Ariane and Kenway, Steven and Kenway, Steven and SaviΔ‡, Dragan and Savic, Dragan and Makropoulos, Christos and Makropoulos, Christos and Kossieris, Panagiotis and Kossieris, Panagiotis	Integrated intelligent water-energy metering systems and informatics: Visioning a digital multi-utility service provider	Environmental Modelling and Software	10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.03.006	Advanced metering technologies coupled with informatics creates an opportunity to form digital multi-utility service providers. These providers will be able to concurrently collect a customersβ€™ medium-high resolution water, electricity and gas demand data and provide user-friendly platforms to feed this information back to customers and supply/distribution utility organisations. Providers that can install low-cost integrative systems will reap the benefits of derived operational synergies and access to mass markets not bounded by historical city, state or country limits. This paper provides a vision of the required transformative process and features of an integrated multi-utility service provider covering the system architecture, opportunities and benefits, impediments and strategies, and business opportunities. The heart of the paper is focused on demonstrating data modelling processes and informatics opportunities for contemporaneously collected demand data, through illustrative examples and four informative water-energy nexus case studies. Finally, the paper provides an overview of the transformative R&D priorities to realise the vision.
publications-3964	article	2018	Chan, Teck Kai and Chan, Teck Kai and Chin, Cheng Siong and Chin, Cheng Siong and Zhong, Xiaofeng and Zhong, Xionghu and Zhong, Xionghu	Review of Current Technologies and Proposed Intelligent Methodologies for Water Distributed Network Leakage Detection	IEEE Access	10.1109/access.2018.2885444	Water is a precious resource that should be managed carefully. However, due to leakages in water distributed networks (WDNs), a large amount of water is lost each year that suggests the need for reliable and robust leak detection and localization system. This paper attempts to review the current technologies for leakage detection in WDN as well as several proposed intelligent methodologies (such as support vector machine, neural network, and convolution neural network) over the past few years. The current methodologies and their limitations are discussed. Uncertainties involved in the implementation of WDN leakage detection are also discussed, and several suggestions to overcome such uncertainties are provided for future implementations.
publications-3965	article	2017	Ali, Alireza Mashhadi and Ali, Alireza Mashhadi and Shafiee, M. Ehsan and Shafiee, M. Ehsan and Berglund, Emily Zechman and Berglund, Emily Zechman	Agent-based modeling to simulate the dynamics of urban water supply: Climate, population growth, and water shortages	Sustainable Cities and Society	10.1016/j.scs.2016.10.001	Abstract The sustainability of water resources depends on the dynamic interactions among the environmental, technological, and social characteristics of the water system and local population. These interactions can cause supply-demand imbalances at diverse temporal scales, and the response of consumers to water use regulations impacts future water availability. This research develops a dynamic modeling approach to simulate supply-demand dynamics using an agent-based modeling framework that couple models of consumers and utility managers with water system models. Households are represented as agents, and their water use behaviors are represented as rules. A water utility manager agent enacts water use restrictions, based on fluctuations in the reservoir water storage. Water balance in a reservoir is simulated, and multiple climate scenarios are used to test the sensitivity of water availability to changes in streamflow, precipitation, and temperature. The framework is applied to the water supply system in Raleigh, North Carolina to assess sustainability of drought management plans. Model accuracy is assessed using statistical metrics, and sustainability is calculated for a projected period as the satisfaction or deficit of meeting municipal demands. Multiple climate change scenarios are created by perturbing average monthly values of historical inflow, precipitation, and evapotranspiration data. Results demonstrate the use of the agent-based modeling approach to project the effectiveness of management policies and recommend drought policies for improving the sustainability of urban water resources.
publications-3966	article	2016	Gurung, Thulo Ram and Gurung, Thulo Ram and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Stewart, Rodney Anthony and Beal, Cara and Beal, Cara and Sharma, Ashok and Sharma, Ashok	Smart meter enabled informatics for economically efficient diversified water supply infrastructure planning	Journal of Cleaner Production	10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.017	Water efficiency measures and alternative supply sources alleviate peak water demand on urban water supply networks. Consequently, they also provide benefits to water service providers, in terms of augmentation deferrals and reduced sized infrastructure. However, while these benefits are acknowledged in the literature, they have not been thoroughly investigated and quantified. This paper empirically demonstrates how the installation of different potable water saving measures would affect the design of urban water supply networks. Peak day water demand profiles were developed for the baseline scenario, which represented the typical building code mandated for new dwellings constructed in Queensland, Australia, and for households fitted with water saving measures. The core novel feature of this study relates to the use of an innovative bottom-up approach to the development of demand profiles based on smart meters enabling comprehensive water end use datasets (i.e. demand in shower, tap, etc.) to be obtained. Hydraulic model runs were conducted for various water savings scenarios across different planning horizons to determine the scheduling of augmentations in a water supply study area. The results of the model runs showed deferred and eliminated augmentations, as well as reductions in infrastructure sizing for the water savings scenarios compared to the baseline scenario. Financial analysis (i.e. NPV) on trunk main augmentation requirements over 50 year asset life cycles indicated that savings of between $1,574,289 (11.4\%) and $7,030,796 (51\%) could be achieved by incorporating water efficiency and potable source substitution measures in new infill developments in the study region.
publications-3967	article	2015	Ribeiro, LuΓsa and Ribeiro, LuΓsa and Sousa, Joaquim and Sousa, Joaquim and Sousa, Joaquim and Sousa, Joaquim J. and Marques, Alfeu SΓ΅ and Marques, Alfeu SΓ΅ and SimΓµes, Nuno and SimΓµes, Nuno E. and SimΓµes, Nuno	Locating Leaks with TrustRank Algorithm Support	Water	10.3390/w7041378	This paper presents a methodology to quantify and to locate leaks. The original contribution is the use of a tool based on the TrustRank algorithm for the selection of nodes for pressure monitoring. The results from these methodologies presented here are: (I) A sensitivity analysis of the number of pressure transducers on the quality of the final solution; (II) A reduction of the number of pipes to be inspected; and (III) A focus on the problematic pipes which allows a better office planning of the inspection works to perform atthe field. To obtain these results, a methodology for the identification of probable leaky pipes and an estimate of their leakage flows is also presented. The potential of the methodology is illustrated with several case studies, considering different levels of water losses and different sets of pressure monitoring nodes. The results are discussed and the solutions obtained show the benefits of the developed methodologies.
publications-3968	article	2012	Perelman, Lina and Arad, Jonathan and Housh, Mashor and Ostfeld, Avi	Event detection in water distribution systems from multivariate water quality time series.	Environmental Science & Technology	10.1021/es3014024	In this study, a general framework integrating a data-driven estimation model with sequential probability updating is suggested for detecting quality faults in water distribution systems from multivariate water quality time series. The method utilizes artificial neural networks (ANNs) for studying the interplay between multivariate water quality parameters and detecting possible outliers. The analysis is followed by updating the probability of an event, initially assumed rare, by recursively applying Bayesβ€™ rule. The model is assessed through correlation coefficient (R2), mean squared error (MSE), confusion matrices, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and true and false positive rates (TPR and FPR). The product of the suggested methodology consists of alarms indicating a possible contamination event based on single and multiple water quality parameters. The methodology was developed and tested on real data attained from a water utility.
publications-3969	article	2014	Schwartz, Rafi and Schwartz, Rafi and Lahav, Ori and Lahav, Ori and Ostfeld, Avi and Ostfeld, Avi	Integrated hydraulic and organophosphate pesticide injection simulations for enhancing event detection in water distribution systems	Water Research	10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.030
publications-3970	article	2005	Tillman, Donald E. and Tillman, D. E. and Larsen, Tove A. and Larsen, Tove A. and Pahlβ€Wostl, Claudia and Pahl-Wostl, Claudia and Gujer, Willi and Gujer, Willi	Simulating development strategies for water supply systems	Journal of Hydroinformatics	10.2166/hydro.2005.0005	The objective of this paper is to point out existing risks of current design and management strategies in water supply systems and to identify possible ways of designing and operating schemes which minimize these risks. This paper is motivated by the observation that existing design principles and engineering rules (best practice) seem to cope insufficiently or even conflict with current trends of declining water demand. In order to evaluate this situation, an agent-based model comprising the current rules of best practice was developed in a participatory process. Once the model was validated with data sets from a real utility, multiple-scenario testing was used to explore different design strategies, thus allowing ideas for developing alternative management and design schemes to be generated. The simulations show that the traditional risk of insufficient supply security must be supplemented by considering the opposite risk of excessive security (over-capacity). The introduction of demand-side measures may help to calibrate existing best practice with the trends of the current operating environment. Ideas are brought forward on how to shape incentive systems for stakeholders in order to facilitate such a shift.