| publications-5231 |
Article |
2022 |
Bai F.; Quan H.-B.; Yin R.-J.; Zhang Z.; Jin S.-Q.; He P.; Mu Y.-T.; Gong X.-M.; Tao W.-Q. |
Three-dimensional multi-field digital twin technology for proton exchange membrane fuel cells |
Applied Energy |
10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119763 |
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In times of the commercialization process of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), a full knowledge of in-situ state in PEMFCs is of critical significance to the in-situ operational process and the evaluation of material stage and potential damage. The conventional experimental observation and in-situ prediction models can only obtain very limited information while the computational fluid dynamics approach takes too long time to get the detailed information. To reach a full knowledge of PEMFC real-time state, a novel 3D multi-physics digital twin model for PEMFCs is proposed based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. In the model, firstly, for one kind of PEMFC, 139 ex-situ snapshots are designed and simulated based on the three-dimensional two-phase non-isothermal numerical model with the assumption of liquid pressure continuity in the whole membrane electrode assembly. Then the modes of each field in snapshots are extracted by singular value decomposition method using Jacobi algorithm. Finally, the coefficients in the POD prediction equation are obtained by using the multivariate adaptive regression splines. The digital twin results of voltage, temperature, membrane water content and liquid water saturation fields are exhibited and analyzed. Results suggest that for the studied PEMFC, the digital twin technique can capture the global values and the local distribution characteristics of each above physical fields well in 0.913 s. The mean global deviations of the above four fields of 20 groups of random conditions within wide current density and operational condition ranges are 5.7 %, 1.3 %, 8.9 % and 12.0 % respectively. Even though the practical results can only be applied for the studied PEMFC, the proposed methodology has its general application range. Β© 2022 |
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| publications-5232 |
Article |
2022 |
Song C.; Chen Z.; Wang K.; Luo H.; Cheng J.C.P. |
BIM-supported scan and flight planning for fully autonomous LiDAR-carrying UAVs |
Automation in Construction |
10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104533 |
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The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanner provides a versatile and efficient platform for mobile laser scanning in construction-related scenarios. Recent studies on UAVs have demonstrated point-to-point navigation, yet there has been sparse investigation on scan coverage planning to fully explore a construction site, and on kinodynamic motion planning to ensure energy-efficient trajectories. This study develops a Building Information Model (BIM)-supported framework to facilitate scan planning and motion planning of autonomous LiDAR-carrying UAVs. The proposed framework selectively integrates the geometry and semantics from BIM to construct a probabilistic 3D voxel map. Then, a greedy algorithm is developed to iteratively generate waypoints with optimized coverage. After that, a collision-free guiding path is computed for traversing all the waypoints before it is further transformed into a high-degree polynomial trajectory. The proposed framework was validated in a simulated construction scenario of water treatment facilities using MATLAB and Unreal Engine 4 (UE4). The planned trajectory demonstrated smoothness, energy efficiency, and sufficient coverage. It reduced 86.17% of required moments from motors over the regular A* algorithm and achieved 91.67% scan coverage on the target facility. Β© 2022 Elsevier B.V. |
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| publications-5233 |
Conference paper |
2023 |
Condemine C.; Grau L.; Masson Y.; Aubry S. |
Live Digital Twin for Hydraulic Structures Fatigue Estimation |
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering |
10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_43 |
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Maintaining hydraulic structures such as dams, penstocks, or water lock gates in operating conditions and optimizing their maintenance costs are key issues for energy production or river navigation. The ultimate objective is to know the real state of fatigue and damage of the structure and identify any related anomalies. In this paper, we introduce a digital twin, for fatigue evaluation merging measured data obtained with an embedded sensor network and a 3D numerical model that converts in real time measured data into fatigue. After 3Β years of R&D collaboration between CNR and Morphosense in the maintenance of navigation lock gates or dam gates, this presentation exposes how the proposed Live Digital Twin solution contributes to fatigue evaluation and more generally to global structural monitoring in dealing with fundamental issues of hydraulic structures: risk assessment, maintenance in operating conditions and maintenance costs optimization. After a context and state of the art introduction, the second part will detail the system overview. In the third part, the monitoring system will be addressed. Β© 2023, The Author(s). |
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| publications-5234 |
Book chapter |
2022 |
Cardin M.-A.; Mijic A.; Whyte J. |
Flexibility and Real Options in Engineering Systems Design |
Handbook of Engineering Systems Design: With 178 Figures and 54 Tables |
10.1007/978-3-030-81159-4_35 |
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Designing engineering systems for flexibility is of utmost importance for future generations of systems designers and operators. As a core system property, flexibility provides systems owners and operators with the ability to respond easily and cost-effectively to future changes. It contributes to improved economic value, sustainability, and resilience by enabling systems to adapt and reconfigure in the face of uncertainty in operations, markets, regulations, and technology. The field of flexibility in design has steadily evolved over the last two decades, emerging from the area of real options analysis, which focuses on quantifying the value of flexibility in large-scale, irreversible investment projects. Flexibility in design goes further by developing and evaluating novel design methods and computational procedures to enable flexibility as a systematic value enhancement mechanism in engineering systems. This chapter provides an overview of how the field has developed over time as well as design frameworks, computational methods, and algorithmic procedures to support such design activities in practice. It discusses important challenges and limitations with supporting case studies in aerospace, automotive, energy, real estate, transportation, and water management. The chapter highlights future directions for research, involving sustainability and resilience, data-driven real options, empirical studies and simulation games, machine learning, digital twin modelling, and 3D virtualization. Β© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. |
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| publications-5235 |
Conference paper |
2022 |
Roclawski H.; Sterle L.; Böhle M. |
VIRTUAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP TEST RIG FOR LABORATORY CLASSES BASED ON IOT TECHNOLOGY |
Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo |
10.1115/GT2022-79397 |
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In the project IoT for Supervision and Control of Water Systems (IoT.H2O) the potential of the Internet of Things concept for operating pump systems is investigated. As a result of the project, a pump test rig which can be controlled by an open source IoT platform was developed. Because of COVID 19 students are currently not able to access the test rig in their laboratory class. In the paper, a virtual pump test rig is presented. The model of the test rig is based on the physical IoT pump test rig and consists of models for pump, control valve, piping system and electric motor. By modeling the electric motor, the operating behavior of the pump becomes much more realistic since effects of inertia can be included. The communication of the IoT platform with the model is based on the MQTT protocol and is identical to the real rig. The test rig can be operated with any web browser through a dashboard. On the dashboard, the operating frequency of the electric motor, the control valve position, the static head of the system and the tank pressure before the pump can be set with predefined control widgets which are already available in the IoT platform. Also, through buttons, measurements of speed, static pressure and torque are possible. The data can be downloaded after the measurements are taken. In different assignments, the students, can measure the head and efficiency curves and system curves and compare speed control and throttle control. Also, different types of pumps can be assessed easily by exchanging the pump curves in the model. A big advantage of the virtual lab tests is that the students can run the tests by themselves and obtain their own data. Before, the tests were only run in groups because of time constraints. Based on the laboratory class, they are able to assess the behavior of pumps in systems and to design pump systems efficiently. Also, they are introduced to the concept of IoT. Β© 2022 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved. |
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| publications-5236 |
Article |
2022 |
Nakath D.; She M.; Song Y.; Köser K. |
An Optical Digital Twin for Underwater Photogrammetry: GEODTβ€”A Geometrically Verified Optical Digital Twin for Development, Evaluation, Training, Testing and Tuning of Multi-Media Refractive Algorithms |
PFG - Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science |
10.1007/s41064-021-00190-9 |
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Most parts of the Earth’s surface are situated in the deep ocean. To explore this visually rather adversarial environment with cameras, they have to be protected by pressure housings. These housings, in turn, need interfaces to the world, enduring extreme pressures within the water column. Commonly, a flat window or a half-sphere of glass, called flat-port or dome-port, respectively is used to implement such kind of interface. Hence, multi-media interfaces, between water, glass and air are introduced, entailing refraction effects in the images taken through them. To obtain unbiased 3D measurements and to yield a geometrically faithful reconstruction of the scene, it is mandatory to deal with the effects in a proper manner. Hence, we propose an optical digital twin of an underwater environment, which has been geometrically verified to resemble a real water lab tank that features the two most common optical interfaces. It can be used to develop, evaluate, train, test and tune refractive algorithms. Alongside this paper, we publish the model for further extension, jointly with code to dynamically generate samples from the dataset. Finally, we also publish a pre-rendered dataset ready for use at https://git.geomar.de/david-nakath/geodt. © 2022, The Author(s). |
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| publications-5237 |
Conference paper |
2022 |
Tshabalala P.; Kuriakose R.B. |
Analyzing the Performance of a Digital Shadow for a Mixed-Model Stochastic System |
Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems |
10.1007/978-981-19-2130-8_50 |
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The industry 4.0 era has brought about many trend breaking strategies in the manufacturing structure. These new approaches have resulted in ensuring the production process being more autonomous and efficient. Digital transformation is one such strategy introduced to improve product efficiency in the manufacturing industry. Digital twins and digital shadows are the two popular tools used for implementing digital transformation. This article discusses the design of a Digital Shadow created using MATLAB/Simulink for analyzing the performance and operation of a Mixed-model stochastic system. The research uses the case study of a water bottling plant capable of producing multiple variants of water bottles. The article describes how the digital shadow of the plant is able to simulate a specific input to determine possible bottlenecks, use of raw materials and the production efficiency. Β© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. |
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| publications-5238 |
Review |
2022 |
Savić D. |
Digital Water Developments and Lessons Learned from Automation in the Car and Aircraft Industries |
Engineering |
10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.013 |
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The provision of water and sanitation services is a key challenge worldwide. The size, complexity, and critical nature of the water and wastewater infrastructure providing such services make the planning and management of these systems extremely difficult. Following the digital revolution in many areas of our lives, the water sector has begun to benefit from digital transformation. Effective utilization of remotely sensed weather and soil moisture data for more efficient irrigation (i.e., for food production), better detection of anomalies and faults in pipe networks using artificial intelligence, the use of nature-inspired optimization to improve the management and planning of systems, and greater use of digital twins and robotics all exhibit great potential to change and improve the ways in which complex water systems are managed. However, there are additional risks associated with these developments, includingβ€”but not limited toβ€”cybersecurity, incorrect use, and overconfidence in the capability and accuracy of digital solutions and automation. This paper identifies key advances in digital technology that have found application in the water sector, and applies forensic engineering principles to failures that have been experienced in industries further ahead with automation and digital transformation. By identifying what went wrong with new digital technologies that might have contributed to high-profile accidents in the car and aircraft industries (e.g., Tesla self-driving cars and the Boeing 737 MAX), it is possible to identify similar risks in the water sector, learn from them, and prevent future failures. The key findings show that: β‘ Automation will require β€_x009c_humans in the loopβ€_x009d_; β‘΅ human operators must be fully aware of the technology and trained to use it; β‘Ά fallback manual intervention should be available in case of technology malfunctioning; β‘£ while redundant sensors may be costly, they reduce the risks due to erroneous sensor readings; ⑤ cybersecurity risks must be considered; and β‘¥ ethics issues have to be considered, given the increasing automation and interconnectedness of water systems. These findings also point to major research areas related to digital transformation in the water sector. Β© 2021 THE AUTHOR |
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| publications-5239 |
Article |
2022 |
Folgado F.J.; GonzΓ΅lez I.; CalderΓ³n A.J. |
PEM Electrolyser Digital Twin Embedded within MATLAB-Based Graphical User Interface β€ |
Engineering Proceedings |
10.3390/ECP2022-12676 |
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In recent years, the use of hydrogen for various applications, such as energy storage in microgrids, vehicle fuel or other industrial processes, has led to the proliferation of PEM electrolysers based on water electrolysis (PEM WE) as hydrogen generators. On the other hand, a digital twin (DT) serves as a replica of the physical device within a virtual environment, whose aim is to mimic the behaviour of the physical device. By means of this digital replica, it is possible to study the behaviour of the PEM WE within the intended system or application in a controlled and safe way, without involving the other components of the system. Typically, the monitoring and control processes of a physical system are supported by graphical user interfaces (GUI). These graphical tools serve as an interactive bridge between the user and the system, facilitating the monitoring of the system as well as the acquisition and presentation of information resulting from its operation. MATLAB is a programming and computing platform that provides users with a variety of applications and toolboxes with very specific functions. Among them is App Designer, an application focused on GUI design and development. This paper describes the design and implementation of a MATLAB-based application that embeds a digital replica of a PEM WE and a GUI dedicated to its control, all framed in the operation of a smart microgrid powered by photovoltaic energy and supported by hydrogen generation and storage. Β© 2022 by the authors. |
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| publications-5240 |
Conference paper |
2022 |
Aranha P.E.; Schnitzler E.; Moreira Junior N.; Duccini L.E.; Martins A.L.; Falchetto A.B.; Dos Anjos J.L. |
Field Life Extension: Real Time Well Integrity Management |
Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference |
10.4043/31816-MS |
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This article aims to present the evolution of well design and well integrity monitoring throughout their life cycle and life extension analysis. The motivation comes from the need to make a decision to extend the life of wells, accounting both for Green and Brown Fields. PETROBRAS design practices were updated to meet the Well Integrity National Regulatory requirements and to support the life extension analysis. In order to assess the well integrity during production lifetime, a Digital Twin of the well was developed and is capable of modelling the physics of permanent and transient fluid flow and corresponding behavior of trapped annuli with thermo-structural coupling to the mechanical structure. Also, as part of the monitoring process, additional information will be provided by new sensors to be installed in the A and B annuli, aiming to improve monitoring capability. This paper will present the results of the new well design and life extension analysis practices for retrofit projects. Besides that, a discussion on new challenging scenarios faced by the company is included. The well integrity case study of a deep-water field in Brazilian offshore, through a real time digital twin approach, will highlight the main technological solutions developed to ensure well operation within the envelope during its lifetime. The adoption of this strategy allows the optimization of procedures with the goal of maximizing production or injection rates, still according to safety requirements. The availability of additional annuli sensors can improve the system capability. With the well integrity surveillance digital twin, PETROBRAS successfully implemented a unique monitoring integrity system for offshore production units in Brazil, increasing the understanding of the well structure behavior and, consequentially, the assets operational safety during its lifetime. In addition, this initiative aims to push the industry towards the development of wet X-mas tree according to API RP 17V requirements. Β© 2022, Offshore Technology Conference. All rights reserved. |
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