Scientific Results

This catalogue is obtained by conducting a systematic literature review of scientific studies and reviews related to monitoring, forecasting, and simulating the inland water cycle. The analysis maps scientific expertise across research groups and classifies findings by the type of inland water studied, application focus, and geographical scope. A gap analysis will identify missing research areas and assess their relevance to policymaking.

ID ▲ Type Year Authors Title Venue/Journal DOI Research type Water System Technical Focus Abstract Link with Projects Link with Tools Related policies ID
publications-5021 Conference paper 2023 Maksoud N.; Mohamed M.M. Digital twins applications in the water sector AIP Conference Proceedings 10.1063/5.0170525 Digital twins are becoming increasingly important in the civil infrastructure sector, as they can help to manage large and complex water networks more effectively. With the population growing and water demand increasing, digital twins can provide a valuable tool for developers and other stakeholders to ensure that infrastructure is designed and managed effectively. This paper reviews the current state of digital twins in the water sector, with a focus on their applications in water networks. It highlights the challenges and limitations of current DT technology and points to future research needs and directions. Several case studies are investigated in this research and compared to present a comprehensive view of the DT technology and its implementation advantages. The results of the literature review are summarized in this paper for the various applications of DTs in the water sector. The absence of data is one of the biggest obstacles to studying the employment of DTs in the water sector. This is because data has been not published by water utilities. However, a number of initiatives, such as the Global Omnium in Spain, Portsmouth Water and Anglian Water in the UK, and Halifax in Canada, are attempting to change this. The results of this research will be used for future work to integrate the digital twin modeling and simulation approaches in all applications in the water sector. Β© 2023 Author(s).
publications-5022 Conference paper 2023 Meyur R.; Lyman K.; Krishnamoorthy B.; Halappanavar M. Structural Validation ofΒ Synthetic Power Distribution Networks Using theΒ Multiscale Flat Norm Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 10.1007/978-3-031-36027-5_5 We study the problem of comparing a pair of geometric networks that may not be similarly defined, i.e., when they do not have one-to-one correspondences between their nodes and edges. Our motivating application is to compare power distribution networks of a region. Due to the lack of openly available power network datasets, researchers synthesize realistic networks resembling their actual counterparts. But the synthetic digital twins may vary significantly from one another and from actual networks due to varying underlying assumptions and approaches. Hence the user wants to evaluate the quality of networks in terms of their structural similarity to actual power networks. But the lack of correspondence between the networks renders most standard approaches, e.g., subgraph isomorphism and edit distance, unsuitable. We propose an approach based on the multiscale flat norm, a notion of distance between objects defined in the field of geometric measure theory, to compute the distance between a pair of planar geometric networks. Using a triangulation of the domain containing the input networks, the flat norm distance between two networks at a given scale can be computed by solving a linear program. In addition, this computation automatically identifies the 2D regions (patches) that capture where the two networks are different. We demonstrate our approach on a set of actual power networks from a county in the USA. Our approach can be extended to validate synthetic networks created for multiple infrastructures such as transportation, communication, water, and gas networks. Β© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
publications-5023 Article 2023 Brooks J.D.; Lewe J.-H.; Duncan S.; Mavris D. Improving the Predeveloped Local Ecology: Maximizing Condensate Collection through Strategic Building Operation Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment 10.1061/JSWBAY.SWENG-476 This work demonstrates how a water and energy sustainable building's heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system may be operated to maximize condensate production while upholding user thermal comfort and energy consumption requirements. A physics-based HVAC condensate model was presented and validated against operating data from the Kendeda Building for Innovative Sustainable Design (KBISD), a 3,437.4-m2 (37,000-ft2) academic building on the Georgia Institute of Technology's Atlanta campus. A sensitivity study of the HVAC condensate production and power consumption was performed. Metamodels were developed to concisely yet accurately represent the physics-based model, and these were used as the basis of an optimization exercise to identify competitive operating conditions for maximizing condensate production. The case studies included here found optimized HVAC system operation strategies to produce up to 708% more condensate. The demonstrated approach may be reproduced by system operators or building automation systems to increase condensate production without sacrificing building system-level energy and thermal comfort requirements. Β© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
publications-5024 Article 2023 Lee J.; Yoo S.; Kim C.; Sohn H.-G. Automatic levee surface extraction from mobile LiDAR data using directional equalization and projection clustering International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 10.1016/j.jag.2022.103143 A levee is an engineering structure that physically suppresses flooding by directly touching the river. Enough levee elevation prevents water from overflowing the levee. Therefore, obtaining the physical shape of the river levee is the starting point of levee management based on the digital twin. Total station, global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or small unmanned aircraft systems (sUASs) have been used to investigate the physical shape of the levee. However, there are economical and temporal limitations in applying these methods to the entire levee alignment installed in more than ten thousand kilometers along the water system. Mobile laser scanner (MLS) mounted on a vehicle can resolve the problem because it moves at high speeds for a long time. Therefore, many researchers are conducting studies acquiring geospatial data with vehicle-type MLS. MLS collects data in point cloud form with locational information. Ground filtering algorithms for point clouds have been studied in order to obtain the physical shape of the levee from point clouds. However, since existing ground filtering algorithms are mostly designed for airborne laser scanner (ALS)- or terrestrial laser scanner (TLS)-based data, they have limitations in applying to point cloud data acquired from MLS. Therefore, we developed an algorithm to extract levee point cloud from MLS-acquired point cloud data. The algorithm contains several methodologies named directional equalization and point cloud projection clustering, which are designed to reflect the properties of MLS-acquired point cloud. The algorithm first divides the data into small units according to the direction of the river. Second, the levee points are extracted by applying directional equalization and point cloud projection clustering. Finally, the levee point extraction was completed through a process of increasing accuracy through a test based on the levee design value. As a result of its application to the 1 km Anyang-cheon stream area, an urban river located in Seoul, Korea, the classification accuracy of 95.9 % was obtained. Also, the levee elevation was automatically calculated in 0.194 m and 0.13 m of mean absolute error (MAE) compared to manual and total station measurements, respectively. Β© 2022 The Authors
publications-5025 Article 2023 Gómez-Coronel L.; Santos-Ruiz I.; Torres L.; López-Estrada F.-R.; Gómez-Peñate S.; Escobar-Gómez E. Digital Twin of a Hydraulic System with Leak Diagnosis Applications Processes 10.3390/pr11103009 This paper presents the design and development of a digital twin to diagnose leaks in water distribution networks. The digital twin allows for the remote operation of the hydraulic system’s actuators using embedded microcontrollers integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities. Pressure head and flow rate measurements are received online in the operator interface, and hydraulic simulations are performed with a well-calibrated EPANET model of the hydraulic system to estimate the pressure head at nodes without sensors. A genetic algorithm was designed to detect and estimate the size of the leaks online. Different experiments were carried out to validate the online application of the method based on the digital twin and under a multi-leak event. © 2023 by the authors.
publications-5026 Conference paper 2023 Merkulov V.; Didenko N.; Skripnuk D.; Kulik S. Analysis of small modular reactor technologies and socio-economic aspects of their application in the Russian Arctic in the era of digital transformation E3S Web of Conferences 10.1051/e3sconf/202340210011 Small modular reactor technologies and social, economic, and technological aspects of their application in the Russian Arctic are considered in the article. An overview of the key factors influencing an implementation of small modular reactor plants in remote regions with a decentralized power grid is presented. The main directions of small modular reactor design activities of the key Russian centers of atomic research and development are given. An overview of current Russian small modular reactor technologies including pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, reactors installed on floating nuclear power plants, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, and liquid metal cooled reactor is conducted. Economic, social, ecological, and digital aspects of applications of small modular reactor in the Russian Arctic are considered. A detailed survey of areas of small modular reactor application including extractive, processing, industrial energy-intensive facilities, and power and heat supply of cities is also given. The importance of digital twins of small modular as an essential element in the development and maintenance of complex engineering products and industrial facilities throughout the entire life cycle is discussed in the article. Conclusions about key advantages and prospects of an application of small modular reactors in the Russian Arctic are made. Β© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
publications-5027 Conference paper 2023 Akimov L.; Badenko V.; Fatkullina A. The environmentally-efficient canal district design respecting urban context E3S Web of Conferences 10.1051/e3sconf/202337101095 The following paper discusses the development of the work-flow that can be used in practice for the urban environmentally-efficient attraction points design and restoration. We developed the work-flow on the basis of the example of the design of canal district restoration in the heart of the city of Bangkok. The reference concept was developed in the scope of the International Workshop of Ur-ban and Architectural Design X edition, organized by Politecnico di Milano and Chulalongkorn University. The design ideas developed in this project are present in the study. In this article we discuss the importance of water districts restoration from environmental, social and economic points of view. The introduction of the work-flow of the canal district design that has its aim to meet the existing urban context and all the important requirements is important for designers and urban planners, since it can help to resolve a number of questions that have to be properly studied. The importance of introduction of GIS and digital twin technologies to the landscape restoration projects is as well discussed. Β© 2023 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.
publications-5028 Article 2023 Zhou S.; Guo S.; Du B.; Wang L.; Guo J.; Li Y.; Peng Z.; Yu L. Digital twin model construction method of water treatment plant; [净水ε_x008e_‚ζ•°ε­—ε­η”_x009f_模ε_x009e_‹ζ_x009e_„ε»Ίζ–Ήζ³•η ”η©¶δΈ_x008e_ε®_x009e_θ·µ] Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, CIMS 10.13196/j.cims.2023.06.007 To establish the digital twin model of water treatment plant, a digital twin model construction method was proposed based on five-dimension digital twin model with considering the whole water treatment process. In the proposed construction method, the multi-level digital twin geometric model was carried out to digitally present the whole elements of water treatment plant and their relationships. The digital twin information model was established with these technologies of device identifier resolution, data collection, semantic description and finite state machine, so as to ensure the mapping and digital representation between physical world and digital space. The digital twin decision-making model was built with mechanism and intelligent model-driven hybrid frame work to describe the operation mechanism and law in water treatment plant. The integratnd platform was developed, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed method, and provided an effective reference for the realization of digital twin modeling of water treatment plant. Β© 2023 CIMS. All rights reserved.
publications-5029 Article 2023 Chew A.W.Z.; Wu Z.Y.; Meng X.; Cai J.; Pok J.; Kalfarisi R. Pressure-Based Demand Aggregation and Calibration of Normal and Abnormal Diurnal Patterns for Smart Water Grid in Near Real-Time Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 10.1061/JWRMD5.WRENG-5916 An adequately calibrated hydraulic model is critically to the water distribution digital twin, which requires accurate representation of a water distribution network (WDN) in near real-time. It is thus imperative to construct an extended-period simulation model that captures the network's baseline normal and abnormal diurnal demand patterns, which are usually derived using monitored flow data. However, from a practical field aspect, it remains challenging to calibrate multiple demand groups of varying diurnal patterns in large-scale WDNs, as flow data are typically collected sparsely due to cost considerations, while pressure sensors are commonly deployed throughout the network. In this paper, we propose a new pressure-based demand aggregation and pattern calibration method that leverages on monitoring pressure data to aggregate demands, identifying abnormal consumptions, and calibrating the diurnal patterns of various demand groups. The new method is integrated with previously developed model calibration framework and applied to a large-scale WDN system having more than 330 km of underground water pipelines with weekly averaged pressure and flow data, as derived from a maximum historical period of nine months. Key findings from our case study analysis for the seven averaged days (Monday to Sunday) include: (1) calibrating the system's flow balance to within 99% average accuracy by identifying and calibrating five unique demand patterns, inclusive of those associated with abnormal consumptions, via grouping 34 available pressure sensors; (2) calibrating the system's energy balance to within 95% average accuracy by iterating the simulated pressures against representative monitored pressure profiles of the different demand groups during the flow calibration process; and (3) achieving an average 2.5% accuracy improvement for the overall energy calibration, relative to that of the previous calibration approach. Throughout the solution process, significant engineering judgment is adopted, coupled with optimization analyses, to calibrate the system's flow and energy balances while meeting the model constraints and data availability. Β© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
publications-5030 Conference paper 2023 Chatterjee S.; Pattnaik N.; Gorey A.; Kumar K.; Gain S.; Sinharay A.; Chakravarty T.; Pal A. A Digital Twin Approach for Estimation of Contaminants in Lubrication Oil through Photoacoustic Sensing System Proceedings of the International Conference on Sensing Technology, ICST 10.1109/ICST59744.2023.10460821 Monitoring the changes in properties of lubricant oil with different contaminants (e.g., soot particles, water, etc.) could be a reliable technique to investigate the faults that arise due to oil contamination aiding to machine maintenance. Photoacoustic sensing system has shown promises to measure such changes, however, the attempts are limited to the collection of a large number of samples for initial calibration and standardization of the process. A digital twin substituting the system may resolve these problems. In the current work, a digital twin for the photoacoustic measurements from lubricant oil has been developed through the process of: 1) designing a simulator, 2) carrying out experiments and 3) training a domain adaptation algorithm using the simulated data and testing with experimental datasets. Analysis has shown an increase in accuracy of approximately 7% for adaptation compared to the no adaptation scenario, and has established a digital twin platform for machine health analysis. Β© 2023 IEEE.