Scientific Results

This catalogue is obtained by conducting a systematic literature review of scientific studies and reviews related to monitoring, forecasting, and simulating the inland water cycle. The analysis maps scientific expertise across research groups and classifies findings by the type of inland water studied, application focus, and geographical scope. A gap analysis will identify missing research areas and assess their relevance to policymaking.

ID ā–² Type Year Authors Title Venue/Journal DOI Research type Water System Technical Focus Abstract Link with Projects Link with Tools Related policies ID
publications-4511 article 1985 Shin, Jeong-Shik and Shin, Jeong-Shik Perception of Price When Price Information Is Costly: Evidence from Residential Electricity Demand The Review of Economics and Statistics 10.2307/1924803 A bstract-Residential electricity consumption is an example of a good for which it is costly to determine marginal price, since price changes with the quantity purchased according to multistep block rate schedules. This paper investigates the effect of the price information problem on consumers' price perceptions. An alternative hypothesis of average price perception is tested against the marginal price postulate which assumes wellinformed consumers. The model, which includes a price perception variable, allows the estimation of the price to which consumers actually respond. The empirical results support the hypothesis that consumers respond to average price perceived from the electricity bill.
publications-4512 article 1986 Ormsbee, Lindell and Ormsbee, Lindell and Wood, Don J. and Wood, Don J. Explicit Pipe Network Calibration Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1986)112:2(166) In order to improve the reliability of hydraulic network models as well as eliminate the need for trialĪ²ā‚¬ĀandĪ²ā‚¬Āerror calibration methods, an explicit calibration algorithm is proposed. The calibration algorithm is formulated in terms of headloss coefficients and is developed from a reformulation of the basic network equations. The basic network equations are solved explicitly for headloss adjustments to exactly meet one or more measured conditions of pressure or flow for given network loading and operating conditions. The adjustments determined in this manner are used to revise pipe roughnesses or defined concentrated head (minor) losses to meet the measured conditions. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, the developed algorithm is applied to an example network.
publications-4513 article 1989 Ormsbee, Lindell and Ormsbee, Lindell Implicit Network Calibration Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1989)115:2(243) An implicit mathematical model is developed for use in calibrating hydraulic network models. The calibration model uses a nonlinear optimization algorithm along with a general network solver to adjust selected model parameters for either steady state or dynamic operating conditions. Adjustable model parameters include: pipe roughness, source grades, and nodal demands. Both a steady state and an extended period calibration example are presented.
publications-4514 article 1991 Lansey, Kevin E and Basnet, Chuda Parameter Estimation for Water Distribution Networks Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1991)117:1(126) Calibration of a water distribution network is a long, tedious task, if analyzed by an engineer, with no guarantee of determining the proper system parameters. In addition, more utilities are moving toward automated control and wish to estimate the state of the network based upon telemetry data, A rigorous, nonlinear programming algorithm, which incorporates a network simulation model, is presented to solve these problems. The model is capable of analyzing one or more independent demand patterns, or extended period simulations, or both. The model assumes the measurements are exact and has an objective of minimizing the sum of the squares or absolute values of the differences between observed and estimated values of pipe flows and nodal pressure heads. The model consistently finds optimal solutions with the objective function equal to zero with exact data. However, the estimated parameters (pipe roughness coefficients, valve settings, and nodal demands) are not always the true values, which points to a nee...
publications-4515 article 2010 Fidar, A. M. and Fidar, A. M. and Memon, Fayyaz Ali and Memon, Fayyaz Ali and Butler, David and Butler, David Environmental implications of water efficient microcomponents in residential buildings. Science of The Total Environment 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.006
publications-4516 article 2010 Kumar, S. Mohan and Kumar, Shanmugam Mohan and Narasimhan, Shankar and Narasimhan, Shankar and Bhallamudi, S. Murty and Bhallamudi, S. Murty Parameter Estimation in Water Distribution Networks Water Resources Management 10.1007/s11269-009-9495-1 Estimation of pipe roughness coefficients is an important task to be carried out before any water distribution network model is used for online applications such as monitoring and control. In this study, a combined state and parameter estimation model for water distribution networks is presented. Typically, estimation of roughness coefficient for each individual pipe is not possible due to non-availability of sufficient number of measurements. In order to address this problem, a formal procedure based on K-means clustering algorithm is proposed for grouping the pipes which are likely to have the same roughness characteristics. Also, graph-theoretic concepts are used to reduce the dimensionality of the problem and thereby achieve significant computational efficiency. The performance of the proposed model is demonstrated on a realistic urban water distribution network.
publications-4517 article 1997 Balmann, Alfons and Balmann, Alfons Farm-based modelling of regional structural change: A cellular automata approach European Review of Agricultural Economics 10.1093/erae/24.1.85 This paper presents a new type of spatial and dynamic model for analysing structural change in agriculture. The model is based on a number of individually acting farms located at different points in an agricultural region. Like a cellular automation, the region is subdivided into a number of spatially ordered plots. The farms compete for these plots and compete on different markets. Farms are allowed to engage in different production possibilities and they can use several investment alternatives. They optimise their activities with respect to their objective function by considering their expectations, financial state and existing assets. Copyright 1997 by Oxford University Press.
publications-4518 article 2008 Gueli, Roberto and Gueli, Roberto PREDATOR - PREY MODEL FOR DISCRETE SENSOR PLACEMENT 10.1061/40941(247)104 A metaheuristic approach is proposed to design the optimal placement of monitoring stations, for aiming an early detection of the intentional water distribution networks contamination. The approach is based on the use of a predator-prey model, that is applied to multi-objective optimization. The proposed algorithm is used to solve the sensor constrained contamination detection problem, which is polynomially equivalent to the asymmetric k-center problem, so it is NP-Hard In particular the predator-prey model is applied to find the optimal sensors placement evaluated, according to the four design objectives which are described in the Battle of Water Sensor Networks (BWSN) manifesto. Both predators and preys are subjected to an evolution process. The competing coevolution approach has been chosen to avoid the problem of designing the fitness function or, in other words, to avoid the problem of locating the most representative contamination events. The candidate solutions and tests, which are used to evaluate these solutions, evolve simultaneously to find the optimal evaluation set, and as a consequence to minimize the number of needed checks, during the selection of the optimal solution.
publications-4519 article 2004 Murray, Regan and Murray, Regan and Janke, Robert and Janke, Robert and Uber, James G. and Uber, James G. The Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Assessment (TEVA) Program for Drinking Water Distribution System Security 10.1061/40737(2004)482 The increased risk of terrorism to our nation's critical infrastructure has focused national attention on the vulnerability of drinking water systems to the intentional introduction of chemical, biological, or radiological contaminants. EPA is developing the Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Assessment (TEVA) Program to analyze the vulnerabilities of drinking water distribution systems, measure public health and economic impacts, and design and evaluate threat mitigation and response strategies. TEVA is a probabilistic framework for assessing the vulnerability of a water utility to a large range of contamination attacks. Monte Carlo simulations generate ensembles of scenarios, and statistics are analyzed to explore the feasibility of scenarios, identify vulnerable areas of the water distribution network, and analyze the sensitivity of the model to various parameters. Preliminary results are available that illustrate applications of TEVA to three drinking water distribution systems of different sizes.
publications-4520 article 2009 Olmstead, Sheila M. and Olmstead, Sheila M. and Stavins, Robert N. and Stavins, Robert N. Comparing Price and Non-price Approaches to Urban Water Conservation Water Resources Research 10.1029/2008wr007227 [1]Urban water conservation is typically achieved through prescriptive regulations, including the rationing of water for particular uses and requirements for the installation of particular technologies. A significant shift has occurred in pollution control regulations toward market-based policies in recent decades. We offer an analysis of the relative merits of market-based and prescriptive approaches to water conservation, where prices have rarely been used to allocate scarce supplies. The analysis emphasizes the emerging theoretical and empirical evidence that using prices to manage water demand is more cost effective than implementing nonprice conservation programs, similar to results for pollution control in earlier decades. Price-based approaches may also compare favorably to prescriptive approaches in terms of monitoring and enforcement. Neither policy instrument has an inherent advantage over the other in terms of predictability and equity. As in any policy context, political considerations are also important.