| publications-4101 |
article |
2013 |
Akhbari, Masih and Akhbari, Masih and Grigg, Neil S. and Grigg, Neil S. |
A Framework for an Agent-Based Model to Manage Water Resources Conflicts |
Water Resources Management |
10.1007/s11269-013-0394-0 |
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Competition for use of water is increasing and leads to many conflicts among competing interests with complex goals and water management systems. Technical system models are essential to create performance and other decision information, but models to simulate views of the competing parties are also needed to help resolve or mitigate conflicts. Agent-based models (ABMs) offer promise to fill this role, and in this study a new approach to agent-based modeling is introduced to simulate the behavior and interactions of the parties participating in a conflict scenario, which is modeled as a game. To develop this framework, we considered water issues of California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region as an example of a long-standing situation, with emphasis on the San Joaquin watershed. However, this approach can be used in other watersheds and more complex systems. The ABM explains the interactions among the parties and how they can be encouraged to cooperate in the game to work toward a solution. The model also enables decision-makers to test management scenarios and understand the consequences of their decisions on different stakeholders and their behaviors. |
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| publications-4102 |
article |
2013 |
Britz, Wolfgang and Britz, Wolfgang and Ferris, Michael C. and Ferris, Michael C. and Kuhn, Arnim and Kuhn, Arnim |
Modeling water allocating institutions based on Multiple Optimization Problems with Equilibrium Constraints |
Environmental Modelling and Software |
10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.03.010 |
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| publications-4103 |
article |
2011 |
Cozzolino, Luca and Morte, Renata Della and Palumbo, Anna and Pianese, Domenico |
Stochastic approaches for sensors placement against intentional contaminations in water distribution systems |
Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems |
10.1080/10286608.2010.482653 |
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Water distribution systems are vulnerable to intentional contamination: in this paper, optimising the placement of a set of monitoring stations to promptly detect this type of attack is considered. Due to the uncertainty about the place and the time of the beginning of the attack, and the inherent variability of the hydraulic conditions throughout the water distribution network, the impact probability distribution (IPD) has been defined in order to take into account the random variability of the conventional measures of impact. Two different approaches for the optimal placement of the monitoring stations are compared: the first minimises the expected value of a conventional damage measure, while the second minimises a given percentile of the IPD. The two approaches are applied to a real-world case study, showing their feasibility. |
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| publications-4104 |
article |
2011 |
Soboll, Anja and Soboll, Anja and Elbers, Michael and Elbers, Michael and Barthel, Roland and Barthel, Roland and Schmude, Juergen and Schmude, Juergen and Ernst, Andreas and Ernst, Andreas and Ziller, Ralf and Ziller, Ralf |
Integrated regional modelling and scenario development to evaluate future water demand under global change conditions |
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change |
10.1007/s11027-010-9274-6 |
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Within climate change impact research, the consideration of socioeconomic processes remains a challenge. Socioeconomic systems must be equipped to react and adapt to global change. However, any reasonable development or assessment of sustainable adaptation strategies requires a comprehensive consideration of human-environment interactions. This requirement can be met through multi-agent simulation, as demonstrated in the interdisciplinary project GLOWA-Danube (GLObal change of the WAter Cycle; www.glowa-danube.de). GLOWA-Danube has developed an integrated decision support tool for water and land use management in the Upper Danube catchment (parts of Germany and Austria, 77,000 km2). The scientific disciplines invoked in the project have implemented sixteen natural and social science models, which are embedded in the simulation framework DANUBIA. Within DANUBIA, a multi-agent simulation approach is used to represent relevant socioeconomic processes. The structure and results of three of these multi-agent models, WaterSupply, Household and Tourism, are presented in this paper. A main focus of the paper is on the development of global change scenarios (climate and society) and their application to the presented models. The results of different simulation runs demonstrate the potential of multi-agent models to represent feedbacks between different water users and the environment. Moreover, the interactive usage of the framework allows to define and vary scenario assumptions so as to assess the impact of potential interventions. It is shown that integrated modelling and scenario design not only provide valuable information, but also offer a platform for discussing complex human-environment-interactions with stakeholders. |
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| publications-4105 |
article |
2000 |
Ezell, Barry and Ezell, Barry and Farr, John V. and Farr, John V. and Wiese, Ian and Wiese, Ian |
Infrastructure Risk Analysis Model |
Journal of Infrastructure Systems |
10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(2000)6:3(114) |
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One key element of our nation's infrastructure is our communities' drinking water supplies. Growing consumption by expanding populations, industrial and public pollution, the tragedies of both nature and human accidents, and the emergence of threats by domestic terrorists, disgruntled employees, and computer hackers continue to torment the nation. Add to these concerns the anxiety over Y2K failures of the utilities that control these systems; they all pose potential perils to freshwater reserves that local municipalities, state, and federal governments are obligated to protect. This paper serves to introduce the probabilistic infrastructure risk analysis model developed for a small community's water supply and treatment systems. The paper adopts a holistic approach to model a water infrastructure system's interconnectedness and interdependencies. This approach can also be used for other interconnected infrastructure elements such as physical facilities, electric power generation and distribution, and tele... |
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| publications-4106 |
article |
2015 |
Suresh, Mahima Agumbe and Suresh, Mahima Agumbe and Zhang, Wei and Zhang, Wei and Gong, Weijiao and Gong, Weijiao and Stoleru, Radu and Stoleru, Radu and Rasekh, Amin and Rasekh, Amin and Banks, M. Katherine and Banks, M. Katherine |
Toward Optimal Monitoring of Flow-Based Systems Using Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks |
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks |
10.1145/2700256 |
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Monitoring flow-based systems (FBS) (e.g., water distribution systems, oil and gas pipelines, the human cardiovascular system) is of paramount importance considering their economic and health impacts. FBS monitoring typically has been achieved by costly, complex, static sensors that are strategically placed. To reduce the cost of monitoring, we propose a mobile wireless sensor network (WSN) system comprised of mobile sensors (their movement aided by the inherent flow in the FBS) and static beacons that aid in locating sensors. This article presents the first complete architectural design, algorithms, and protocols for optimal monitoring of FBS. Our proposed solution includes sensing and communication models, MAC and group management protocols for sensor and beacon communication, and algorithms for sensor and beacon placement. We compare our proposed solution with the state of the art through extensive simulations and a proof-of-concept system implementation. We demonstrate performance improvements, such as a dramatic reduction (a factor of 91) in the number of sensors when the sensing range is marginally (2.5 times) increased. |
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| publications-4107 |
article |
2007 |
Silvestry-Rodriguez, Nadia and Silvestry-Rodriguez, Nadia and Bright, Kelly R. and Bright, Kelly R. and Uhlmann, D. R. and Uhlmann, Donald R and Slack, D. C. and Slack, Donald C and Gerba, Charles P. and Gerba, Charles P. |
Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila by silver in tap water. |
Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic\/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering |
10.1080/10934520701517689 |
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This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of silver as a secondary disinfectant to replace or reduce the level of chlorine utilized in water distribution systems. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila are opportunistic pathogens present in drinking water and have been associated with waterborne disease. After 8 hours of exposure to 100 ΞΌ g/L of silver, there was a > 6-log10 reduction in P. aeruginosa in tap water at room temperature at pH7 and a 5.55-log10 reduction in the presence of 3 mg/L humic acid. Similar reductions were observed at pH9. At 4Β°C, reductions greater than 4-log10 were observed after 24 hours. For A. hydrophila, a > 6-log10 reduction occurred at both pH7 and pH9 within nine hours. The World Health Organization has determined that this amount of silver could be used for water disinfection without health risks. Furthermore, silver shows promise as a secondary disinfectant, even in the presence of organic matter in concentrations that would reduce the effectiveness of free ... |
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| publications-4108 |
article |
2012 |
Siew, Calvin and Siew, Calvin and Tanyimboh, Tiku T. and Tanyimboh, Tiku T. |
Pressure-Dependent EPANET Extension |
Water Resources Management |
10.1007/s11269-011-9968-x |
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In water distribution systems (WDSs), the available flow at a demand node is dependent on the pressure at that node. When a network is lacking in pressure, not all consumer demands will be met in full. In this context, the assumption that all demands are fully satisfied regardless of the pressure in the system becomes unreasonable and represents the main limitation of the conventional demand driven analysis (DDA) approach to WDS modelling. A realistic depiction of the network performance can only be attained by considering demands to be pressure dependent. This paper presents an extension of the renowned DDA based hydraulic simulator EPANET 2 to incorporate pressure-dependent demands. This extension is termed β€_x009c_EPANET-PDXβ€_x009d_ (pressure-dependent extension) herein. The utilization of a continuous nodal pressure-flow function coupled with a line search and backtracking procedure greatly enhance the algorithm’s convergence rate and robustness. Simulations of real life networks consisting of multiple sources, pipes, valves and pumps were successfully executed and results are presented herein. Excellent modelling performance was achieved for analysing both normal and pressure deficient conditions of the WDSs. Detailed computational efficiency results of EPANET-PDX with reference to EPANET 2 are included as well. |
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| publications-4109 |
article |
1999 |
Artzner, Philippe and Artzner, Philippe and Delbaen, Freddy and Delbaen, Freddy and Eber, Jean-Marc and Eber, Jean-Marc and Heath, David and Heath, David |
Coherent Measures of Risk |
Mathematical Finance |
10.1111/1467-9965.00068 |
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In this paper we study both market risks and nonmarket risks, without complete markets assumption, and discuss methods of measurement of these risks. We present and justify a set of four desirable properties for measures of risk, and call the measures satisfying these properties "coherent." We examine the measures of risk provided and the related actions required by SPAN, by the SEC/NASD rules, and by quantile-based methods. We demonstrate the universality of scenario-based methods for providing coherent measures. We offer suggestions concerning the SEC method. We also suggest a method to repair the failure of subadditivity of quantile-based methods. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Inc 1999. |
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| publications-4110 |
article |
1993 |
Biswas, Pratim and Lu, Chungsying and Clark, Robert M. |
A model for chlorine concentration decay in pipes |
Water Research |
10.1016/0043-1354(93)90108-t |
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