| publications-2661 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2017 |
Evan S. Miles, Jakob Steiner, Ian Willis, Pascal Buri, Walter W. Immerzeel, Anna Chesnokova, Francesca Pellicciotti |
Pond Dynamics and Supraglacial-Englacial Connectivity on Debris-Covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
10.3389/FEART.2017.00069 |
Data Management & Analytics |
Irrigation Systems |
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No abstract available |
676819 |
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| publications-2662 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2016 |
A. F. Lutz, W. W. Immerzeel, P. D. A. Kraaijenbrink, A. B. Shrestha, M. F. P. Bierkens |
Climate Change Impacts on the Upper Indus Hydrology: Sources, Shifts and Extremes |
PLOS ONE |
10.1371/journal.pone.0165630 |
Simulation & Modeling |
Irrigation Systems |
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No abstract available |
676819 |
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| publications-2663 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2016 |
Silvan Ragettli, Walter W. Immerzeel, Francesca Pellicciotti |
Contrasting climate change impact on river flows from high-altitude catchments in the Himalayan and Andes Mountains |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
10.1073/pnas.1606526113 |
Data Management & Analytics |
Natural Water Bodies |
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Significance Changes in the hydrology of high-altitude catchments may have major consequences for downstream water supply. Based on model projections with a higher spatiotemporal resolution and degree of process complexity than any previous intercontinental comparative study, we show that the impacts of climate change cannot be generalized. These impacts range from a high climatic sensitivity, decreasing runoff, and significant seasonal changes in the Central Andes of Chile to increasing future runoff, limited seasonal shifts, but increases in peak flows in the Nepalese Himalaya. This study constrains uncertainty about response times and mechanisms controlling glacier and runoff response to climate and sets a benchmark for process-based modeling of the climate change impact on the hydrology of high-altitude catchments. |
676819 |
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| publications-2664 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2016 |
Christian Vincent, Patrick Wagnon, Joseph M. Shea, Walter W. Immerzeel, Philip Kraaijenbrink, Dibas Shrestha, Alvaro Soruco, Yves Arnaud, Fanny Brun, Etienne Berthier, Sonam Futi Sherpa |
Reduced melt on debris-covered glaciers: investigations from Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal |
The Cryosphere |
10.5194/tc-10-1845-2016 |
Data Management & Analytics |
Natural Water Bodies |
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Abstract. Approximately 25 % of the glacierized area in the Everest region is covered by debris, yet the surface mass balance of debris-covered portions of these glaciers has not been measured directly. In this study, ground-based measurements of surface elevation and ice depth are combined with terrestrial photogrammetry, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite elevation models to derive the surface mass balance of the debris-covered tongue of Changri Nup Glacier, located in the Everest region. Over the debris-covered tongue, the mean elevation change between 2011 and 2015 is −0.93 m year−1 or −0.84 m water equivalent per year (w.e. a−1). The mean emergence velocity over this region, estimated from the total ice flux through a cross section immediately above the debris-covered zone, is +0.37 m w.e. a−1. The debris-covered portion of the glacier thus has an area-averaged mass balance of −1.21 ± 0.2 m w.e. a−1 between 5240 and 5525 m above sea level (m a.s.l.). Surface mass balances observed on nearby debris-free glaciers suggest that the ablation is strongly reduced (by ca. 1.8 m w.e. a−1) by the debris cover. The insulating effect of the debris cover has a larger effect on total mass loss than the enhanced ice ablation due to supraglacial ponds and exposed ice cliffs. This finding contradicts earlier geodetic studies and should be considered for modelling the future evolution of debris-covered glaciers. |
676819 |
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| publications-2665 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2018 |
P. N. J. Bonekamp, E. Collier, W. W. Immerzeel |
The Impact of Spatial Resolution, Land Use, and Spinup Time on Resolving Spatial Precipitation Patterns in the Himalayas |
Journal of Hydrometeorology |
10.1175/jhm-d-17-0212.1 |
Uncategorized |
Uncategorized |
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Abstract Frequently used gridded meteorological datasets poorly represent precipitation in the Himalayas because of their relatively low spatial resolution and the associated representation of the complex topography. Dynamical downscaling using high-resolution atmospheric models may improve the accuracy and quality of the precipitation fields. However, most physical parameterization schemes are designed for a spatial resolution coarser than 1 km. In this study the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is used to determine which resolution is required to most accurately simulate monsoon and winter precipitation, 2-m temperature, and wind fields in the Nepalese Himalayas. Four model nests are set up with spatial resolutions of 25, 5, 1, and 0.5 km, respectively, and a typical 10-day period in summer and winter in 2014 are simulated. The model output is compared with observational data obtained from automatic weather stations, pluviometers, and tipping buckets in the Langtang catchment. Results show that, despite issues with the quality of the observational data due to undercatch of snowfall, the highest resolution of 500 m does provide the best match with the observations and gives the most plausible spatial distribution of precipitation. The quality of the wind and temperature fields is also improved, whereby the cold temperature bias is decreased. Our results further elucidate the performance of WRF at high resolution and demonstrate the importance of accurate surface boundary conditions and spinup time for simulating precipitation. Furthermore, they suggest that future modeling studies of High Mountain Asia should consider a subkilometer grid for accurately estimating local meteorological variability. |
676819 |
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| publications-2666 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2018 |
René Reijer Wijngaard, Hester Biemans, Arthur Friedrich Lutz, Arun Bhakta Shrestha, Philippus Wester, Walter Willem Immerzeel |
Climate change vs. socio-economic development: understanding the future South Asian water gap |
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
10.5194/hess-22-6297-2018 |
Knowledge Graphs |
River Basins |
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Abstract. The Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra (IGB) river basins provide about 900 million people with water resources used for agricultural, domestic, and industrial purposes. These river basins are marked as “climate change hotspots”, where climate change is expected to affect monsoon dynamics and the amount of meltwater from snow and ice, and thus the amount of water available. Simultaneously, rapid and continuous population growth as well as strong economic development will likely result in a rapid increase in water demand. Since quantification of these future trends is missing, it is rather uncertain how the future South Asian water gap will develop. To this end, we assess the combined impacts of climate change and socio-economic development on the future “blue” water gap in the IGB until the end of the 21st century. We apply a coupled modelling approach consisting of the distributed cryospheric–hydrological model SPHY, which simulates current and future upstream water supply, and the hydrology and crop production model LPJmL, which simulates current and future downstream water supply and demand. We force the coupled models with an ensemble of eight representative downscaled general circulation models (GCMs) that are selected from the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, and a set of land use and socio-economic scenarios that are consistent with the shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) marker scenarios 1 and 3. The simulation outputs are used to analyse changes in the water availability, supply, demand, and gap. The outcomes show an increase in surface water availability towards the end of the 21st century, which can mainly be attributed to increases in monsoon precipitation. However, despite the increase in surface water availability, the strong socio-economic development and associated increase in water demand will likely lead to an increase in the water gap during the 21st century. This indicates that socio-economic development is the key driver in the evolution of the future South Asian water gap. The transgression of future environmental flows will likely be limited, with sustained environmental flow requirements during the monsoon season and unmet environmental flow requirements during the low-flow season in the Indus and Ganges river basins. |
676819 |
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| publications-2667 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2018 |
Fanny Brun, Patrick Wagnon, Etienne Berthier, Joseph M. Shea, Walter W. Immerzeel, Philip D. A. Kraaijenbrink, Christian Vincent, Camille Reverchon, Dibas Shrestha, Yves Arnaud |
Ice cliff contribution to the tongue-wide ablation of Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal, central Himalaya |
The Cryosphere |
10.5194/tc-12-3439-2018 |
Data Management & Analytics |
Water Distribution Networks |
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Abstract. Ice cliff backwasting on debris-covered glaciers is recognized as an important mass-loss process that is potentially responsible for the “debris-cover anomaly”, i.e. the fact that debris-covered and debris-free glacier tongues appear to have similar thinning rates in the Himalaya. In this study, we quantify the total contribution of ice cliff backwasting to the net ablation of the tongue of Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal, between 2015 and 2017. Detailed backwasting and surface thinning rates were obtained from terrestrial photogrammetry collected in November 2015 and 2016, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) surveys conducted in November 2015, 2016 and 2017, and Pléiades tri-stereo imagery obtained in November 2015, 2016 and 2017. UAV- and Pléiades-derived ice cliff volume loss estimates were 3 % and 7 % less than the value calculated from the reference terrestrial photogrammetry. Ice cliffs cover between 7 % and 8 % of the total map view area of the Changri Nup tongue. Yet from November 2015 to November 2016 (November 2016 to November 2017), ice cliffs contributed to 23±5 % (24±5 %) of the total ablation observed on the tongue. Ice cliffs therefore have a net ablation rate 3.1±0.6 (3.0±0.6) times higher than the average glacier tongue surface. However, on Changri Nup Glacier, ice cliffs still cannot compensate for the reduction in ablation due to debris-cover. In addition to cliff enhancement, a combination of reduced ablation and lower emergence velocities could be responsible for the debris-cover anomaly on debris-covered tongues. |
676819 |
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| publications-2668 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2019 |
Arthur F. Lutz, Herbert W. ter Maat, René R. Wijngaard, Hester Biemans, Abu Syed, Arun B. Shrestha, Philippus Wester, Walter W. Immerzeel |
South Asian river basins in a 1.5 °C warmer world |
Regional Environmental Change |
10.1007/s10113-018-1433-4 |
Uncategorized |
Water-Energy Nexus |
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No abstract available |
676819 |
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| publications-2669 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2018 |
Jakob F. Steiner, Maxime Litt, Emmy E. Stigter, Joseph Shea, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Walter W. Immerzeel |
The Importance of Turbulent Fluxes in the Surface Energy Balance of a Debris-Covered Glacier in the Himalayas |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
10.3389/feart.2018.00144 |
IoT & Sensors |
Water Distribution Networks |
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No abstract available |
676819 |
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| publications-2670 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2018 |
Emmy E. Stigter, Maxime Litt, Jakob F. Steiner, Pleun N. J. Bonekamp, Joseph M. Shea, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Walter W. Immerzeel |
The Importance of Snow Sublimation on a Himalayan Glacier |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
10.3389/feart.2018.00108 |
AI & Machine Learning |
Groundwater |
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No abstract available |
676819 |
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