| publications-2581 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2020 |
Susanne Klages, Claudia Heidecke, Bernhard Osterburg |
The Impact of Agricultural Production and Policy on Water Quality during the Dry Year 2018, a Case Study from Germany |
Water |
10.3390/w12061519 |
Simulation & Modeling |
Precipitation & Ecological Systems |
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The hot summer of 2018 posed many challenges with regard to water shortages and yield losses, especially for agricultural production. These agricultural impacts might further pose consequent threats for the environment. In this paper, we deduce the impact of droughts on agricultural land management and on water quality owing to nitrate pollution. Using national statistics, we calculate a Germany-wide soil surface nitrogen budget for 2018 and deduce the additional N surplus owing to the dry weather conditions. Using a model farm approach, we compare fertilization practices and legal restrictions for arable and pig breeding farms. The results show that, nationwide, at least 464 kt of nitrogen were not transferred to plant biomass in 2018, which equals an additional average nitrogen surplus of 30 kg/ha. The surplus would even have amounted to 43 kg/ha, if farmers had continued their fertilization practice from preceding years, but German farmers applied 161 kt less nitrogen in 2018 than in the year before, presumably as a result of the new implications of the Nitrates Directive, and, especially on grassland, owing to the drought. As nitrogen surplus is regarded as an “agri-drinking water indicator” (ADWI), an increase of the surplus entails water pollution with nitrates. The examples of the model farms show that fertilization regimes with high shares of organic fertilizers produce higher nitrogen surpluses. Owing to the elevated concentrations on residual nitrogen in soils, the fertilization needs of crops in spring 2019 were less pronounced than in preceding years. Thus, the quantity of the continuously produced manure in livestock farms puts additional pressure on existing storage capacities. This may particularly be the case in the hot-spot regions of animal breeding in the north-west of Germany, where manure production, biogas plants, and manure imports are accumulating. The paper concludes that water shortages under climate change not only impact agricultural production and yields, but also place further challenges and threats to nutrient management and the environment. The paper discusses preventive and emergency management options for agriculture to support farmers in extremely dry and hot conditions. |
727984 |
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| publications-2582 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2020 |
Nasime Janatian, Kalle Olli, Fabien Cremona, Alo Laas, Peeter Nõges |
Atmospheric stilling offsets the benefits from reduced nutrient loading in a large shallow lake |
Limnology and Oceanography |
10.1002/lno.11342 |
Simulation & Modeling |
Precipitation & Ecological Systems |
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AbstractAs part of a global phenomenon, a 30% decrease in average wind speed since 1996 in southern Estonia together with more frequent easterly winds resulted in 47% decrease in bottom shear stress in the large (270 km2), shallow (mean depth 2.8 m), and eutrophic Lake Võrtsjärv. Following a peak in eutrophication pressure in the 1970s–80s, the concentrations of total nutrients were declining. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination of a 54‐year phytoplankton community composition time‐series (1964–2017) revealed three distinct periods with breaking points coinciding with changes in wind and/or water level. Contrary to expectations, we detected no decrease in optically active substances that could be related to wind stilling, whereas phytoplankton biomass showed an increasing trend despite reduced nutrient levels. Here we show how opening of the “light niche,” caused by declining amount of suspended sediments, was capitalized and filled by the light‐limited phytoplankton community. We suggest that wind stilling is another global factor, complementary to climate warming that counteracts eutrophication mitigation in lakes and may provide a challenge to assessment of the lake ecological status. |
722518 |
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| publications-2583 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2019 |
Cornelius Sandhu; Thomas Grischek; Hilmar Börnick; Jörg Feller; Saroj Sharma |
A Water Quality Appraisal of Some Existing and Potential Riverbank Filtration Sites in India |
Water |
10.3390/w11020215 |
Simulation & Modeling |
Groundwater |
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There is a nationwide need among policy and decision makers and drinking water supply engineers in India to obtain an initial assessment of water quality parameters for the selection and subsequent development of new riverbank filtration (RBF) sites. Consequently, a snapshot screening of organic and inorganic water quality parameters, including major ions, inorganic trace elements, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and 49 mainly polar organic micropollutants (OMPs) was conducted at 21 different locations across India during the monsoon in June–July 2013 and the dry non-monsoon period in May–June 2014. At most existing RBF sites in Uttarakhand, Jammu, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, and Bihar, surface and RBF water quality was generally good with respect to most inorganic parameters and organic parameters when compared to Indian and World Health Organization drinking water standards. Although the surface water quality of the Yamuna River in and downstream of Delhi was poor, removals of DOC and OMPs of 50% and 13%–99%, respectively, were observed by RBF, thereby rendering it a vital pre-treatment step for drinking water production. The data provided a forecast of the water quality for subsequent investigations, expected environmental and human health risks, and the planning of new RBF systems in India. |
689450 |
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| publications-2584 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2020 |
Henryk Dobslaw, Robert Dill, Meike Bagge, Volker Klemann, Eva Boergens, Maik Thomas, Christoph Dahle, Frank Flechtner |
Gravitationally Consistent Mean Barystatic Sea Level Rise From Leakage‐Corrected Monthly GRACE Data |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
10.1029/2020jb020923 |
Simulation & Modeling |
River Basins |
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AbstractGravitationally consistent solutions of the Sea Level Equation from leakage‐corrected monthly‐mean GFZ RL06 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) Stokes coefficients reveal that barystatic sea level averaged over the whole global ocean was rising by 1.72 mm a−1 during the period April 2002 until August 2016. This rate refers to a truely global ocean averaging domain that includes all polar and semienclosed seas. The result corresponds to 2.02 mm a−1 mean barystatic sea level rise in the open ocean with a 1,000 km coastal buffer zone as obtained from a direct spatial integration of monthly GRACE data. The bias of +0.3 mm a−1 is caused by below‐average barystatic sea level rise in close proximity to coastal mass losses induced by the smaller gravitational attraction of the remaining continental ice and water masses. Alternative spherical harmonics solutions from CSR, JPL, and TU Graz reveal open‐ocean rates between 1.94 and 2.08 mm a−1, thereby demonstrating that systematic differences among the processing centers are much reduced in the latest release. We introduce in this paper a new method to approximate spatial leakage from the differences of two differently filtered global gravity fields. A globally constant and time‐invariant scale factor required to obtain full leakage from those filter differences is found to be 3.9 for GFZ RL06 when filtered with DDK3, and lies between 3.9 and 4.4 for other processing centers. Spatial leakage is estimated for every month in terms of global grids, thereby providing also valuable information of intrabasin leakage that is potentially relevant for hydrologic and hydrometeorological applications. |
870353 |
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| publications-2585 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2021 |
R. Iestyn Woolway, Eleanor Jennings, Tom Shatwell, Malgorzata Golub, Don C. Pierson, Stephen C. Maberly |
Lake heatwaves under climate change |
Nature |
10.1038/s41586-020-03119-1 |
Simulation & Modeling |
Groundwater |
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No abstract available |
791812 |
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| publications-2586 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2020 |
F. Cherqui, R. James, P. Poelsma, M. J. Burns, C. Szota, T. Fletcher, J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski |
A platform and protocol to standardise the test and selection low-cost sensors for water level monitoring |
H2Open Journal |
10.2166/h2oj.2020.050 |
Simulation & Modeling |
Wastewater Treatment Plants |
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Abstract Water infrastructure in cities is complex and requires proactive management to optimise function. The scale and distribution of assets across municipalities requires affordable systems which can trigger alerts. Systems underpinned by low-cost sensors could meet increasing monitoring needs: more assets, more often, and at a better resolution. However, low-cost sensors require appropriate testing to assess their performance and optimise their use. Here, we focus on low-cost water level sensors, often considered as the main monitoring parameters for water-related infrastructures. We developed a platform and testing protocol to assess the suitability of low-cost sensors. We assessed the performance of three widely used low-cost sensors: laser-ranging, ultrasonic-ranging, and pressure. Our main results showed that the ultrasonic sensor offers the best price to accuracy ratio, and the pressure sensor provides the highest accuracy while still at a very low cost. Our platform and protocol provide a standardised testing and calibration method which can be applied to any sensor. The platform can be used to gather and share results, to enhance community knowledge and encourage the use of new (low-cost or not) sensors. The development of low-cost sensors is an important step toward the wider use monitoring systems for water infrastructure. |
786566 |
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| publications-2587 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2019 |
Sara Fernández, Elena Arboleya, Eduardo Dopico, Alba Ardura, Eva Garcia‐Vazquez |
Non‐indigenous fish in protected spaces: Trends in species distribution mediated by illegal stocking |
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems |
10.1002/aqc.3238 |
Uncategorized |
Wastewater Treatment Plants |
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Abstract Many freshwater non‐indigenous species (NISs) are stocked for recreational fishing, in some cases illegally in protected areas. In this study, fish communities were monitored using environmental DNA, electrofishing and anglers’ catches as the sources of samples in a mountainous Biosphere Reserve in Asturias (northern Spain), where stocking is forbidden. Three NISs have been introduced illegally in the protected area and have shown increasing populations in the last two decades. Two species used as fishing bait, Squalius carolitertii (chub) and Phoxinus phoxinus (minnow), are expanding in running waters. Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) was also detected and is likely to have been introduced for angling or from fish farm escapes. The results suggest that sustained illegal stocking contributed to the increase of the three NISs. In contrast, Salmo trutta (brown trout) of northern European lineages, identified from *90 alleles at the LDH‐C1 locus, and formerly legally stocked for angling, is decreasing, most likely as a result of climate change. Climate change could also contribute to the expansion of the two non‐indigenous cyprinids to colder upstream areas. Through the application of a social survey, it was found that unlike other population groups, anglers in the region significantly preferred stocking over environmental improvement for the management of fish populations. The results obtained suggest that raising the awareness of anglers about the importance of safeguarding native fish species could help to prevent the spread of NISs in protected areas. |
689682 |
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| publications-2588 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2020 |
E. Follett, I. Schalko, H. Nepf |
Momentum and Energy Predict the Backwater Rise Generated by a Large Wood Jam |
Geophysical Research Letters |
10.1029/2020gl089346 |
Simulation & Modeling |
River Basins |
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AbstractWood reintroduction is now considered an important aspect of stream restoration, due to ecohydraulic benefits associated with wood presence. Channel‐spanning wood jams create an upstream backwater, increasing flow heterogeneity, sediment deposition, and ecological productivity, but also flood risk. Backwater rise prediction is necessary to evaluate flood hazards in hydraulic models, improve design of engineered logjam projects, and compare jam effects across river systems. We present experimental results demonstrating that a jam can be modeled as a porous obstruction generating momentum loss proportional to the number, size, and packing density of the logs and the jam length. Energy and momentumconstraints are combined to predict backwater rise from unit discharge and a dimensionless structural parameter. This novel approach allows description of preexisting jams with a common metric. The model was used to demonstrate how backwater length, pool size, and upstream sediment deposition depend on jam structure and channel slope. |
795348 |
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| publications-2589 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2019 |
Florian Knobloch, Mark A.J. Huijbregts, Jean-Francois Mercure |
Modelling the effectiveness of climate policies: How important is loss aversion by consumers? |
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |
10.1016/j.rser.2019.109419 |
Uncategorized |
Wastewater Treatment Plants |
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No abstract available |
689150 |
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| publications-2590 |
Peer reviewed articles |
2020 |
Krista Alikas, Ilmar Ansko, Viktor Vabson, Ave Ansper, Kersti Kangro, Kristi Uudeberg, Martin Ligi |
Consistency of Radiometric Satellite Data over Lakes and Coastal Waters with Local Field Measurements |
Remote Sensing |
10.3390/rs12040616 |
Uncategorized |
Uncategorized |
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The Sentinel-3 mission launched its first satellite Sentinel-3A in 2016 to be followed by Sentinel-3B and Sentinel-3C to provide long-term operational measurements over Earth. Sentinel-3A and 3B are in full operational status, allowing global coverage in less than two days, usable to monitor optical water quality and provide data for environmental studies. However, due to limited ground truth data, the product quality has not yet been analyzed in detail with the fiducial reference measurement (FRM) dataset. Here, we use the fully characterized ground truth FRM dataset for validating Sentinel-3A Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) radiometric products over optically complex Estonian inland waters and Baltic Sea coastal areas. As consistency between satellite and local data depends on uncertainty in field measurements, filtering of the in situ data has been made based on the uncertainty for the final comparison. We have compared various atmospheric correction methods and found POLYMER (POLYnomial-based algorithm applied to MERIS) to be most suitable for optically complex waters under study in terms of product accuracy, amount of usable data and also being least influenced by the adjacency effect. |
730066 |
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