ID:
publications-4227
Type:
article
Year:
2009
Authors:
Davis, Michael J. and Janke, Robert
Title:
Development of a probabilistic timing model for the ingestion of tap water.
Venue/Journal:
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
DOI:
10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2009)135:5(397)
Research type:
Water System:
Technical Focus:
Abstract:
A contamination event in a water distribution system can result in adverse health impacts to individuals consuming contaminated water from the system. Assessing impacts to such consumers requires accounting for the timing of exposures of individuals to tap-water contaminants that have time-varying concentrations. Here we present a probabilistic model for the timing of ingestion of tap water that we developed for use in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Assessment and Sensor Placement Tool, which is designed to perform consequence assessments for contamination events in water distribution systems. We also present a statistical analysis of the timing of ingestion activity using data collected by the American Time Use Survey. The results of the analysis provide the basis for our model, which accounts for individual variability in ingestion timing and provides a series of potential ingestion times for tap water. It can be combined with a model for ingestion volume to per...
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